Enhanced Games 落幕：当人类决定不再"公平"地比赛

让全世界都在讨论的新闻。

a news story the whole world is debating.

事情发生在，

It happened

五月二十四号，

on May 24,

美国拉斯维加斯。

in Las Vegas, USA.

一个叫"Enhanced Games"，

A competition named "Enhanced Games" —

中文叫"增强奥运会"的比赛，

in Chinese, "增强奥运会" —

第一次举行。

was held for the first time.

这个比赛，

This competition,

特别在哪里？

what makes it special?

特别在：

It is special in that

它允许运动员吃药。

it allows athletes to take drugs.

准确地说，

To be precise,

是允许运动员，

it allows athletes

使用让人变快、

to use drugs that make people faster

变强的药——

and stronger —

我们叫它"兴奋剂"。

we call them "performance-enhancing drugs" (PEDs).

要听懂这条新闻，

To follow this news,

我们要先说，

we must first talk about

奥运会的，

the Olympics'

一条最重要的规则。

single most important rule.

在奥运会里，

At the Olympics,

吃兴奋剂，

taking PEDs

是绝对不可以的。

is absolutely not allowed.

这条规则，

This rule

已经有几十年了。

has existed for several decades.

为什么？

Why?

因为大家相信，

Because everyone believes

体育比赛的核心，

the core of sports competition

是"公平"。

is "fairness."

你赢，

For you to win,

要靠你自己的努力——

you must rely on your own effort —

练习、

practice,

天赋、

talent,

意志。

will.

不能靠药。

You can't rely on drugs.

所以全世界，

So worldwide

有一个组织，

there is an organization

专门管这件事。

specifically managing this.

它叫"世界反兴奋剂机构"，

It's called the "World Anti-Doping Agency,"

英文简称 WADA。

abbreviated WADA in English.

所有大型比赛，

All major competitions

都要按它的规则来。

must follow its rules.

但是这些年，

But in recent years

有一些人，

some people

开始问一个问题：

have started to ask a question:

为什么一定要禁药？

Why must doping be banned?

说这话的人之一，

One of the people saying this

叫阿伦·德苏萨。

is named Aron D'Souza.

他不是运动员，

He's not an athlete;

是一个澳大利亚的律师，

he's an Australian lawyer

和商人。

and businessman.

他的逻辑是这样的：

His logic goes like this:

"既然现在的药，

"Since today's drugs

"已经很多了，

"are already widespread,

"为什么不让人公开地用？

"why not let people use them openly?

"在医生的看护下用，

"Using them under a doctor's supervision

"反而更安全。

"is actually safer.

"而且，

"And besides,

"这样可以看到，

"this way we can see

"人类真正的极限在哪里。

"where the real limits of humans truly lie.

他的想法，

His idea

吸引了几个，

attracted several

非常有钱的投资人。

very rich investors.

其中最有名的，

Among the best known

有一个，

there is one

叫克里斯蒂安·安格迈尔，

named Christian Angermayer,

是德国的，

a German

生物科技亿万富翁。

biotech billionaire.

他一个人，

Just he alone

就投了两千万美元。

invested twenty million US dollars.

另外还有，

On top of that

硅谷的一些大投资人。

there were some big investors from Silicon Valley.

就这样，

And just like that,

"增强奥运会"诞生了。

the "Enhanced Games" was born.

五月二十四号，

On May 24,

比赛在拉斯维加斯的，

the competition, in Las Vegas,

一个度假酒店里举行。

was held inside a resort hotel.

一共有 23 个项目，

There were 23 events in total,

分成三大类：

divided into three main categories:

田径、

athletics,

游泳、

swimming,

举重。

weightlifting.

42 名运动员，

42 athletes,

来自 24 个国家。

from 24 countries.

比赛的钱也很多。

The competition's prize money was also lavish.

每个项目的冠军，

Each event's winner

拿 25 万美元。

got 250,000 US dollars.

如果谁打破了，

And if anyone broke

真正的世界纪录，

a real world record,

还有额外的，

there was an extra

一百万美元奖金。

one-million-dollar bonus.

最让大家说的，

What everyone was talking about most

是游泳。

was swimming.

一个叫，

A Greek athlete named

克里斯蒂安·戈洛米耶夫的，

Kristian Gkolomeev,

希腊运动员，

a Greek competitor,

在 50 米自由泳里，

in the 50-meter freestyle

游出了 20.81 秒。

swam 20.81 seconds.

官方的世界纪录，

The official world record

是 20.88 秒。

is 20.88 seconds.

所以他比，

So compared with

现在的世界纪录，

the current world record,

还快 0.07 秒。

he was 0.07 seconds faster.

他拿到了，

He took home

那一百万美元的奖金。

that one-million-dollar bonus.

但是，

But

这个"纪录"，

this "record,"

真正的国际游泳协会，

the real international swimming federation,

不会承认。

will not recognize.

为什么？

Why?

两个原因。

Two reasons.

第一，

First,

他用了兴奋剂。

he used PEDs.

第二，

Second,

他穿的高科技泳衣，

the high-tech swimsuit he wore

其实早就被国际泳联禁止了。

had in fact already been banned by World Aquatics.

也就是说，

That is to say,

这个"世界纪录"，

this "world record"

和我们说的世界纪录，

and the world record we ordinarily mean

不是一回事。

are not the same thing.

还有一些其他的成绩。

There were also some other results.

美国短跑名将，

American sprint star

弗雷德·克尔利，

Fred Kerley

跑出了 9 秒 97，

ran 9.97

赢了一百米。

to win the 100 meters.

但是没有，

But he did not

打破博尔特的世界纪录。

break Bolt's world record.

冰岛的"魔山"，

Iceland's "Mountain,"

比约恩松，

Hafthór Björnsson,

赢了硬拉比赛。

won the deadlift event.

他和加拿大的对手，

He and his Canadian opponent

都没有举起 515 公斤。

both failed to lift 515 kg.

新闻一出，

As soon as the news broke,

全世界都在讨论。

the whole world was debating it.

反对的人，

The opposition's

理由很多。

reasons are many.

第一，

First,

是健康问题。

the health question.

长期使用兴奋剂，

Long-term use of PEDs,

特别是睾酮、

especially testosterone

生长激素，

and growth hormone —

对身体的影响，

the effects on the body

研究得还不够清楚。

have not been studied clearly enough.

组织方说，

The organizers say

所有用药，

all drug use

都有医生看护。

is doctor-supervised.

但是医学专家说，

But medical experts say

他们的对照组太小，

their control group is too small

不能证明"安全"。

to prove "safety."

第二，

Second,

是体育精神。

the spirit of sport.

著名的伦理学家说，

Famous bioethicists say

体育的意义，

the meaning of sport

不只是看谁最快。

is not only about who is the fastest.

还有"在限制中，

There is also "within limits,

"努力突破自己"，

"striving to push past oneself,"

这一层意思。

that layer of meaning.

吃药，

Taking drugs

就把这一层意思，

removes that layer

拿掉了。

of meaning.

第三，

Third,

是给年轻人的影响。

the impact on young people.

很多孩子，

Many children

看运动员长大。

grow up watching athletes.

如果他们看到的是：

If what they see is

"打破纪录，

"breaking records

"靠吃药"，

"by drugs,"

那他们也可能会去吃。

then they too may go and take them.

但是，

But

也有支持的人。

there are also supporters.

他们说：

They say:

"成年人有权利，

"Adults have the right

"决定自己用什么。

"to decide what they use.

"奥运会本身，

"The Olympics themselves

"也有很多问题——

"have plenty of problems —

"很多人偷偷吃药，

"many people secretly dope,

"只是没有被抓而已。

"they just don't get caught.

"公开地、

"Doing it openly,

"在医生看护下用，

"under doctors' supervision,

"反而更安全。

"is actually safer.

"更重要的是，

"More importantly,

"这是一种新的方式，

"this is a new way

"去看人类的极限。

"to see human limits.

组织方还有一个，

The organizers have an even

更大的计划：

bigger plan:

他们和一家投资公司合并，

they'll merge with an investment firm,

要在纽约股票交易所上市，

list on the New York Stock Exchange,

公司估值，

at a company valuation

十二亿美元。

of $1.2 billion.

也就是说，

That is to say,

他们想把"吃药体育"，

they want to turn "doping sport"

做成一个，

into a

真正的大生意。

truly big business.

讲到这里，

At this point,

我想说一个，

I want to share

我自己的想法。

a thought of my own.

这件事，

This matter, really,

其实问的是一个，

asks a question that is

很深的问题：

quite deep:

我们看体育，

when we watch sport,

到底是为了什么？

what are we watching it for?

如果只是为了看，

If it's just to watch

一个更快、

a faster

更强的成绩，

and stronger result,

那让大家都吃药，

then letting everyone use drugs

确实可以做到。

can certainly deliver that.

但如果体育，

But if sport

还包含别的东西——

also contains other things —

比如，

for instance,

看人在限制中，

watching people within limits,

怎么努力；

how they strive;

看公平，

watching how fairness

怎么定义；

is defined;

看年轻人，

watching how young people

怎么被影响——

are influenced —

那这件事，

then this matter

就没那么简单了。

is not so simple.

最后我想问你：

Finally I want to ask you:

如果有一种药，

If there were a drug

让你跑得比别人都快，

that let you run faster than anyone else,

但你必须公开承认，

but you had to publicly admit

你吃了这种药，

you had taken it,

你会吃吗？

would you take it?

你想一想。

Think about it.

好。

Okay.

今天就说到这里。

That's all for today.

明天再聊。

Talk tomorrow.