Enhanced Games——硅谷对"公平体育"的一次正面挑战

在美国拉斯维加斯的，

in Las Vegas, USA, in

一家度假酒店里，

a resort hotel,

一场，

a competition

注定要被全世界讨论的比赛，

destined to be debated worldwide

首次举行。

was held for the first time.

这场比赛，

This competition

有一个英文名字，

has an English name,

叫"Enhanced Games"。

"Enhanced Games."

中文，

In Chinese,

我们可以叫它，

we can call it

"增强奥运会"。

"增强奥运会."

它一共持续了一天。

It lasted just one day in all.

但是它真正的意义，

But its real meaning

不在那一天本身——

isn't in that single day —

而在于，

it lies in

它直接挑战了，

its head-on challenge to

一个延续了一百多年的，

one that has continued for over a hundred years —

体育常识：

a piece of sporting common sense:

体育比赛，

sports competition

必须是"干净"的，

must be "clean";

不能借助兴奋剂。

it cannot rely on PEDs.

今天，

Today,

我们就从这场比赛出发，

starting from this competition,

聊几个更大的问题：

we'll talk about several bigger questions:

体育，

what

到底在比什么？

is sport actually competing in?

"公平"，

Is "fairness"

是绝对的，

absolute,

还是可以重新定义的？

or can it be redefined?

当资本，

When capital

开始把人体本身，

begins treating the human body itself

当成可以"升级"的产品，

as an "upgradable" product,

我们应该高兴，

should we be glad,

还是警惕？

or wary?

我们先把事实讲清楚。

Let's first lay out the facts.

这场比赛的发起人，

The competition's founder

叫阿伦·德苏萨，

is named Aron D'Souza,

是一位，

a person —

澳大利亚的律师，

an Australian lawyer

兼商人。

and businessman.

他长期以来的观点是：

His long-held view is:

现行的国际体育规则，

the current international sports rules

是虚伪的——

are hypocritical —

顶级选手或多或少，

top athletes, more or less,

都在使用兴奋剂，

all use PEDs,

只是没有被抓到。

they just don't get caught.

与其大家偷偷用，

Rather than have everyone use them in secret,

不如，

better to,

开诚布公地，

in plain view,

在医生看护下使用，

use them under doctors' supervision,

看看人类的真正极限，

and see where humans' true limits

究竟在哪里。

really lie.

这个想法，

This idea

吸引来了，

attracted

一批非常有钱的投资人。

a group of very rich investors.

其中最大的，

The biggest of them

是德国生物科技亿万富翁，

is the German biotech billionaire,

克里斯蒂安·安格迈尔——

Christian Angermayer —

他一个人，

he alone

就投了两千万美元。

invested twenty million US dollars.

另外还有，

On top of that

硅谷的一些大佬。

there are some Silicon Valley big names.

"增强奥运会"还宣布，

The "Enhanced Games" also announced

要通过和一家投资公司合并，

that, by merging with an investment firm,

在纽约股票交易所上市，

it would list on the New York Stock Exchange,

公司估值，

at a company valuation

高达十二亿美元。

as high as 1.2 billion US dollars.

也就是说，

That is to say,

这不只是，

this is not only

一个体育实验，

a sports experiment,

还是一个，

but also a business

明确瞄准了，

clearly aimed

资本市场的生意。

at the capital markets.

比赛本身，

The competition itself

分为三大类项目：

was divided into three major categories of events:

田径、

athletics,

游泳、

swimming,

举重，

weightlifting —

一共 23 项。

23 events in total.

42 名运动员，

42 athletes

来自 24 个国家。

from 24 countries.

钱给得也很大方：

The prize money was also generous:

每个项目的冠军，

each event's winner

基础奖金 25 万美元；

got a base prize of 250,000 US dollars;

谁打破，

anyone who broke

现行的世界纪录，

a current world record

另奖一百万美元。

got an extra one-million-dollar bonus.

比赛中，

In the competition,

最有话题性的一刻，

the most talked-about moment

来自游泳池。

came from the swimming pool.

希腊运动员，

The Greek athlete

克里斯蒂安·戈洛米耶夫，

Kristian Gkolomeev,

在男子 50 米自由泳中，

in the men's 50-meter freestyle,

游出了 20.81 秒。

swam 20.81 seconds.

官方的世界纪录，

The official world record

是 20.88 秒。

is 20.88 seconds.

他比这个纪录，

He was, compared with that record,

还快 0.07 秒。

0.07 seconds faster.

他拿到了，

He took home

那笔一百万美元的奖金。

that one-million-dollar bonus.

但是，

But

这个"纪录"，

this "record,"

真正的国际泳联，

the real international swimming federation,

不会承认。

will not recognize.

为什么？

Why?

两个原因：

Two reasons:

第一，

First,

他用了兴奋剂。

he used PEDs.

第二，

Second,

他穿的高科技泳衣，

the high-tech swimsuit he wore

本身就早被泳联禁止。

had itself already been banned by World Aquatics.

其他项目里，

In the other events,

美国短跑名将，

American sprint star

弗雷德·克尔利，

Fred Kerley

跑出了 9 秒 97，

ran 9.97

拿下 100 米——

to win the 100 meters —

没有打破博尔特的世界纪录。

without breaking Bolt's world record.

冰岛"魔山"比约恩松，

Iceland's "Mountain," Björnsson,

赢了硬拉，

won the deadlift,

但和加拿大选手，

but he and his Canadian opponent

都没能举起 515 公斤。

both failed to lift 515 kg.

表面上，

On the surface,

这是一场，

this was a competition

没破很多纪录、

that didn't break many records

波澜不算太大的比赛。

and didn't make too big a wave.

但它真正的影响，

But its real impact

要从更宽的角度看。

must be seen from a wider angle.

反对这场比赛的人，

Those opposing this competition

理由有三层。

have three layers of reasons.

第一层，

The first layer

是健康。

is health.

长期、

Long-term,

大剂量使用，

high-dose use of

睾酮、

testosterone,

生长激素、

growth hormone,

合成代谢类固醇，

anabolic steroids —

对身体的影响，

the effects on the body

医学上其实远没有，

have, in medical terms, hardly

被研究透彻。

been studied thoroughly.

组织方强调，

The organizers emphasize

所有运动员，

that all athletes

都在医生的监督下用药——

took drugs under doctors' supervision —

但是医学专家指出，

but medical experts point out

他们公布的"临床试验"，

that the "clinical trial" they published

对照组太小，

has too small a control group

样本太少，

and too few samples

根本无法证明"安全"。

to prove "safety" at all.

第二层，

The second layer

是体育精神。

is the spirit of sport.

著名的体育伦理学家说，

Famous sports ethicists say

体育，

sport

从来不只是，

has never been only

"看谁最快"。

"who is the fastest."

更重要的一层，

A more important layer

是"看人在限制中，

is "watching humans, within limits,

怎么努力突破自己"。

strive to push past themselves."

设定规则、

Setting rules,

设定边界——

setting boundaries —

这些限制，

these limits

本身就是体育的一部分。

are themselves part of sport.

把兴奋剂这条线拿掉，

Remove the PED line

就等于把这层意思，

and it's like dismantling

拆掉了。

that layer of meaning.

第三层，

The third layer

是对年轻人的影响。

is the impact on young people.

全球有无数的，

Around the world there are countless

青少年运动员。

youth athletes.

他们看运动员长大。

They grow up watching athletes.

如果他们看到的最高目标，

If the highest goal they see

是"靠药打破纪录"，

is "breaking records by drugs,"

那么这条信息，

then this message

会迅速渗透到，

will quickly seep down into

更低水平的比赛中——

lower-level competition —

学校、

schools,

省队、

provincial teams,

甚至业余圈。

even amateur circles.

而青少年，

And adolescents'

对睾酮、

tolerance for testosterone

生长激素的耐受度，

and growth hormone

比成年人要差得多。

is much lower than adults'.

但是，

But

支持的一方，

the supporting side

也有他们的理由。

also has their reasons.

第一，

First,

他们说，

they say,

现在的"干净体育"，

today's "clean sport"

本来就是个神话。

was always a myth.

顶级选手，

Top athletes,

几乎全都用过某种灰色药物，

almost all of them have used some gray-zone drug,

只是不被抓而已。

they just don't get caught.

与其虚伪地禁，

Rather than hypocritically ban,

不如公开地管。

it's better to manage openly.

第二，

Second,

成年人，

adults

对自己身体应该有自主权。

should have autonomy over their own bodies.

我吃什么、

What I take,

是否承担风险，

whether I bear the risk —

是我的事。

is my business.

第三，

Third,

人类需要新的体验。

humans need new experiences.

看一个，

Watching a

完全突破规则的极限，

fully-rules-broken limit

不一定比看一个，

isn't necessarily less meaningful

不太相信的"干净纪录"，

than watching a

更没有意义。

not-entirely-trusted "clean record."

两种声音，

The two voices

都很真实。

are both real.

讲到这里，

At this point,

我想把视角，

I want to pull the view

拉得更远。

even further out.

"增强奥运会"，

The "Enhanced Games,"

本质上，

in essence,

不只是一个体育项目，

isn't just a sports project;

更是硅谷思维，

it's Silicon Valley thinking's

对传统体育的，

frontal challenge

一次正面挑战。

to traditional sport.

硅谷一向相信：

Silicon Valley has always believed

任何被认为"理所当然"的规则，

any rule taken as "self-evident"

都可以被"颠覆"。

can be "disrupted."

出租车要执照？

Taxis need licenses?

颠覆掉，

Disrupt that,

做 Uber。

make Uber.

酒店要管制？

Hotels need regulation?

颠覆掉，

Disrupt that,

做 Airbnb。

make Airbnb.

那兴奋剂被禁，

Well, PEDs are banned —

为什么不能颠覆？

why can't that be disrupted?

做一个，

Make

允许吃药的体育联盟，

a sports league that allows drugs,

让它上市、

list it,

做大、

scale it,

做成一个产业。

turn it into an industry.

这种"颠覆一切"的思路，

This "disrupt everything" mindset

有时候带来效率，

sometimes brings efficiency,

有时候带来灾难。

sometimes brings disaster.

"增强奥运会"是哪一种，

Which one the Enhanced Games is,

现在还很难说。

it's still hard to say.

但是它带来的提问，

But the question it raises

其实是真的：

is, in fact, real:

我们对"自然人体"的执念，

how long can our attachment to the "natural human body"

能撑多久？

hold?

未来五十年，

In the next fifty years,

基因编辑、

gene editing,

神经科技、

neurotechnology,

脑机接口——

brain-computer interfaces —

我们对身体的改造能力，

our ability to modify the body

只会越来越强。

will only grow stronger.

那时候，

At that point,

什么算"人类"的成绩？

what counts as a "human" achievement?

什么算"作弊"？

What counts as "cheating"?

"增强奥运会"，

The "Enhanced Games,"

是这个未来的，

of this future,

一个早期信号。

is an early signal.

它可能是错的方向，

It may be the wrong direction,

但它问的问题，

but the questions it asks,

我们迟早要回答。

we'll have to answer sooner or later.

最后，

Finally,

让我留给你两个问题。

let me leave you with two questions.

第一个：

The first:

如果有一天，

if one day

"干净的运动员"，

"clean athletes"

赢不过，

cannot beat

"使用增强的运动员"，

"enhanced athletes,"

你愿意看哪一种比赛？

which kind of competition would you want to watch?

第二个，

The second,

也许更难——

and perhaps harder —

当一个人说，

when a person says,

"这是我的身体，

"This is my body,

"我有权决定，

"I have the right to decide

"自己怎么用它"——

"how I use it" —

你觉得，

do you think

社会，

society

应该尊重这种自主，

should respect that autonomy,

还是应该，

or should it

为他设定一道边界？

set a boundary for them?

这两个问题，

These two questions

没有标准答案。

have no standard answer.

但它们，

But they

值得你慢慢地想。

are worth thinking about slowly.

好。

Okay.

今天就说到这里。

That's all for today.

我们下个故事见。

See you in the next story.