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中国的新能源大计划来了
China's 15th Five-Year Plan — Renewable Targets, Gigawatts, and the Inner Mongolia Build-Out
HSK 3 Chinese listening practice. China's new Five-Year Plan sets huge renewable targets — gigawatts of solar and wind, Inner Mongolia mega-bases.
This is an HSK 3-4 Chinese listening episode that runs about 8 minutes. The full Mandarin script is shown with tap-for-pinyin and a line-by-line English translation, so you can listen and read at once — comprehensible input in the sense of Stephen Krashen's i+1 theory. It teaches 20 key vocabulary words such as 计划、能源、讨论 and walks through 6 grammar patterns, each explained in English with examples. The same news story is retold at 4 difficulty levels — use the level selector above to find the version that is challenging but still understandable for you.
今天我们来聊聊中国最新的五年计划。
Today we're going to talk about China's latest five-year plan.
这个计划叫第十五个五年计划。
This plan is called the 15th Five-Year Plan.
它是从二〇二六年到二〇三〇年的。
It covers the period from 2026 to 2030.
这个计划是在今年三月通过的。
This plan was passed in March of this year.
每年三月，中国都会开两会。
Every March, China holds the Two Sessions.
两会就是两个大的会议。
The Two Sessions are two major conferences.
今年的两会是三月四号到十二号。
This year's Two Sessions ran from March 4th to the 12th.
在这次两会上，大家讨论了很多事情。
At this year's Two Sessions, many topics were discussed.
其中最重要的一个话题就是能源。
The most important topic among them was energy.
什么是能源呢？
What is energy?
能源就是让机器运转的东西。
Energy is what makes machines run.
比如电、石油、天然气。
For example, electricity, petroleum, and natural gas.
还有太阳能和风能。
There's also solar energy and wind energy.
太阳能就是用太阳光来发电。
Solar energy means using sunlight to generate electricity.
风能就是用风来发电。
Wind energy means using wind to generate electricity.
这些都叫清洁能源。
These are all called clean energy.
因为它们不会污染空气。
Because they don't pollute the air.
中国现在特别重视清洁能源。
China now places great importance on clean energy.
新的五年计划里有一个重要目标。
The new five-year plan includes an important goal.
到二〇三〇年，非化石能源要占百分之二十五。
By 2030, non-fossil energy should account for 25 percent.
什么是非化石能源？
What is non-fossil energy?
就是不用煤、不用石油的能源。
It's energy that doesn't use coal or petroleum.
比如太阳能、风能、核能。
For example, solar energy, wind energy, and nuclear energy.
核能就是用核反应来发电。
Nuclear energy means using nuclear reactions to generate electricity.
现在这个比例还没有那么高。
Currently, this proportion isn't that high yet.
所以中国要努力提高它。
So China needs to work hard to increase it.
我们先来说说风力发电。
Let's first talk about wind power generation.
风力发电有两种。
There are two types of wind power.
一种是在陆地上的。
One type is on land.
另一种是在海上的。
The other type is at sea.
海上风力发电叫海上风电。
Offshore wind power generation is called offshore wind power.
海上的风比陆地上的大。
The wind at sea is stronger than on land.
所以海上风电的效率更高。
So offshore wind power is more efficient.
中国计划到二〇三〇年海上风电达到一百吉瓦。
China plans to reach 100 gigawatts of offshore wind power by 2030.
一百吉瓦是什么概念呢？
What does 100 gigawatts mean?
那是非常非常大的发电量。
That's a very, very large amount of power generation.
可以给很多很多城市供电。
It can supply electricity to many, many cities.
除了风能，还有核能。
Besides wind energy, there's also nuclear energy.
中国也在大力发展核能。
China is also vigorously developing nuclear energy.
计划到二〇三〇年核能达到一百一十吉瓦。
The plan is to reach 110 gigawatts of nuclear energy by 2030.
核电站虽然建设时间长，但是发电很稳定。
Although nuclear power plants take a long time to build, their power generation is very stable.
不管刮不刮风，不管有没有太阳，它都能发电。
Whether or not there's wind, whether or not there's sun, they can generate electricity.
这一点非常重要。
This point is very important.
再来说说一个更大的目标。
Let's talk about an even bigger goal.
到二〇三五年，太阳能加风能要达到三千六百吉瓦。
By 2035, solar plus wind energy should reach 3,600 gigawatts.
这意味着每年要建大约两百吉瓦。
This means building about 200 gigawatts every year.
每年两百吉瓦，这个速度太快了。
200 gigawatts per year — that speed is incredibly fast.
全世界都在看中国怎么做到。
The whole world is watching how China will do it.
其实中国已经有了很好的基础。
Actually, China already has a very good foundation.
在二〇二四年，中国就已经达到了一千两百吉瓦。
In 2024, China had already reached 1,200 gigawatts.
这个目标本来计划更晚才能完成。
This goal was originally planned to be completed much later.
但是中国提前完成了。
But China completed it ahead of schedule.
所以大家对新目标也很有信心。
So everyone is very confident about the new targets.
不过，建那么多太阳能和风电还不够。
However, building that much solar and wind power isn't enough.
还有一个很大的问题要解决。
There's still a big problem to solve.
太阳不是一直都有的。
The sun isn't always there.
晚上没有太阳，就没有太阳能。
At night there's no sun, so there's no solar energy.
风也不是一直都吹的。
The wind doesn't always blow either.
有时候风很大，有时候一点风都没有。
Sometimes the wind is strong, sometimes there's no wind at all.
所以光是建发电站还不行。
So just building power plants isn't enough.
还要把这些电存起来。
You also need to store this electricity.
还要把它们送到需要的地方去。
And you need to send it to where it's needed.
这就是这个新计划的重点。
This is the focus of the new plan.
以前的重点是多建发电站。
The previous focus was on building more power plants.
现在的重点变了。
Now the focus has changed.
现在要把整个系统连起来。
Now the goal is to connect the entire system.
让不同的能源互相配合。
To let different energy sources work together.
比如，如果今天没有风怎么办？
For example, what if there's no wind today?
那就用水力发电来补。
Then use hydropower to make up for it.
水力发电就是用水来发电。
Hydropower means using water to generate electricity.
中国有很多大的水电站。
China has many large hydropower stations.
如果风很大，电太多了怎么办？
What if the wind is strong and there's too much electricity?
那就把多余的电存起来。
Then store the excess electricity.
怎么存呢？
How do you store it?
一个办法叫抽水蓄能。
One method is called pumped-storage hydropower.
就是用多余的电把水抽到山上去。
You use the excess electricity to pump water up a mountain.
等需要电的时候，再让水流下来发电。
When electricity is needed, you let the water flow back down to generate power.
这个办法虽然简单，但是很有效。
This method is simple but very effective.
中国正在建很多抽水蓄能电站。
China is building many pumped-storage power stations.
除了存电，还要送电。
Besides storing electricity, you also need to transmit it.
中国很大，不同地方的情况不一样。
China is very large, and different regions have different conditions.
西部地区太阳很多，风也很大。
The western regions get a lot of sun and have strong winds.
比如内蒙古、甘肃、青海。
For example, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Qinghai.
还有宁夏、新疆、西藏。
And also Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Tibet.
这些地方可以发很多电。
These places can generate a lot of electricity.
但是这些地方的人不多。
But these places don't have many people.
用不了那么多电。
They can't use that much electricity.
东部地区人很多，工厂也很多。
The eastern regions have many people and many factories.
他们需要很多电。
They need a lot of electricity.
但是东部的太阳和风没有西部那么多。
But the east doesn't have as much sun and wind as the west.
所以要把西部的电送到东部去。
So you need to send the west's electricity to the east.
这就需要建新的输电线路。
This requires building new power transmission lines.
这些线路叫跨省输电通道。
These lines are called cross-province transmission corridors.
从内蒙古送到北京、上海。
From Inner Mongolia to Beijing and Shanghai.
从甘肃送到广东。
From Gansu to Guangdong.
从青海送到东部沿海城市。
From Qinghai to eastern coastal cities.
这些线路非常长，要跨越好几个省。
These lines are very long and cross several provinces.
建起来不容易，但是非常有必要。
They're not easy to build, but they're very necessary.
新的五年计划还提到了一些新技术。
The new five-year plan also mentions some new technologies.
第一个是绿色氢能。
The first is green hydrogen energy.
氢是一种很轻的气体。
Hydrogen is a very light gas.
用清洁能源来制造氢气，就叫绿色氢能。
Using clean energy to produce hydrogen is called green hydrogen.
绿色氢能可以用在工厂里。
Green hydrogen can be used in factories.
也可以用在大卡车上。
It can also be used in heavy trucks.
第二个是绿色氨。
The second is green ammonia.
氨也是一种化学品。
Ammonia is also a type of chemical.
以前制造氨要用很多煤。
Previously, producing ammonia required a lot of coal.
现在可以用清洁能源来制造。
Now it can be produced using clean energy.
这样就不会污染环境了。
This way it won't pollute the environment.
第三个是光热发电。
The third is concentrated solar power.
光热发电跟太阳能板不一样。
Concentrated solar power is different from solar panels.
它是用镜子把太阳光集中起来。
It uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight.
产生很高的温度来发电。
It produces very high temperatures to generate electricity.
它的好处是晚上也能发电。
Its advantage is that it can also generate electricity at night.
因为热量可以存起来。
Because the heat can be stored.
第四个是地热能。
The fourth is geothermal energy.
地热能就是来自地下的热量。
Geothermal energy is heat from underground.
地下越深，温度越高。
The deeper underground you go, the higher the temperature.
可以用这个热量来发电或者供暖。
This heat can be used to generate electricity or provide heating.
这些新技术虽然还在发展中，但是前景很好。
These new technologies are still developing, but their prospects are very good.
如果这些技术都成熟了，中国的能源结构就会完全改变。
If all these technologies mature, China's energy structure will completely change.
以前中国主要靠煤来发电。
Previously, China mainly relied on coal for electricity.
煤发电虽然便宜，但是污染很大。
Coal power is cheap, but it causes a lot of pollution.
现在清洁能源越来越便宜了。
Now clean energy is getting cheaper and cheaper.
太阳能板的价格比十年前低了很多。
Solar panel prices are much lower than ten years ago.
风力发电的成本也在下降。
The cost of wind power is also declining.
所以不但对环境好，而且经济上也划算。
So it's not only good for the environment, but also economically worthwhile.
这个计划不只是关于发电。
This plan isn't just about power generation.
它还跟工业有关系。
It's also related to industry.
中国要用清洁电力来改造工业。
China wants to use clean electricity to transform industry.
比如钢铁厂以前烧煤。
For example, steel factories used to burn coal.
以后可以用电来炼钢。
In the future, they can use electricity to make steel.
这叫工业转型。
This is called industrial transformation.
如果工厂都用清洁电力，那排放就会大大减少。
If all factories use clean electricity, emissions will be greatly reduced.
中国把清洁电力当作未来发展的基础。
China treats clean electricity as the foundation for future development.
不管是制造业还是交通，都离不开电。
Whether it's manufacturing or transportation, everything depends on electricity.
电动汽车需要电。
Electric vehicles need electricity.
高铁需要电。
High-speed rail needs electricity.
数据中心也需要大量的电。
Data centers also need large amounts of electricity.
如果这些电都是清洁的，那就太好了。
If all this electricity is clean, that would be wonderful.
总的来说，这个新五年计划很有雄心。
Overall, this new five-year plan is very ambitious.
它不但要建更多的发电站，而且要把整个能源系统升级。
It not only aims to build more power plants, but also to upgrade the entire energy system.
从发电到储能，再到输电，都要改进。
From power generation to energy storage to power transmission, everything needs improvement.
这是一个系统性的大工程。
This is a systemic large-scale project.
中国已经在清洁能源方面走在前面了。
China is already leading the way in clean energy.
接下来的五年会更加关键。
The next five years will be even more critical.
让我们看看中国能不能完成这些目标。
Let's see if China can achieve these goals.
Used throughout the script to refer to China's Five-Year Plan (五年计划). A very common HSK 3 word meaning 'to plan' or 'a plan'.
The central topic of the episode. Refers to sources of power like electricity, oil, solar, and wind.
Used when describing what happened at the Two Sessions (两会): 大家讨论了很多事情 (everyone discussed many things).
中国现在特别重视清洁能源 — China now especially values clean energy. HSK 4 word expressing the idea of prioritizing something.
Appears multiple times: 重要目标 (important goal), 新目标 (new target). HSK 4 word for an objective or aim.
海上风电的效率更高 — offshore wind power has higher efficiency. HSK 4 word describing how productive something is.
现在这个比例还没有那么高 — this proportion is not yet that high. Refers to the share of non-fossil energy.
还有一个很大的问题要解决 — there's still a big problem to solve. Common HSK 3 word for addressing problems.
中国已经有了很好的基础 — China already has a good foundation. Also used later: 未来发展的基础 (the basis for future development).
风力发电的成本也在下降 — the cost of wind power is also declining. HSK 4 word used in economic contexts.
它们不会污染空气 — they won't pollute the air. HSK 4 word central to the environmental theme of the episode.
非化石能源 — non-fossil energy. Beyond HSK 4; a scientific term used in energy and geology contexts.
核能就是用核反应来发电 — nuclear energy uses nuclear reactions to generate electricity. A specialized energy term beyond HSK 4.
从发电到储能，再到输电 — from power generation to energy storage to transmission. A technical term in the energy sector.
建新的输电线路 — build new power transmission lines. Technical term for delivering electricity over long distances.
一个办法叫抽水蓄能 — one method is called pumped-storage. Pumping water uphill to store energy, then releasing it to generate power.
绿色氢能 — green hydrogen energy. Using clean energy to produce hydrogen gas as a fuel source.
排放就会大大减少 — emissions would greatly decrease. Refers to greenhouse gas or pollutant emissions from industry.
这个新五年计划很有雄心 — this new Five-Year Plan is very ambitious. A literary word beyond HSK 4.
这叫工业转型 — this is called industrial transformation. Refers to shifting industry from fossil fuels to clean energy.
* beyond level超纲词
不但……而且…… (not only... but also...)
A progressive compound sentence pattern connecting two related clauses where the second adds to the first. Very common in HSK 3-4.
所以不但对环境好，而且经济上也划算。(So it's not only good for the environment, but also economically worthwhile.)
它不但要建更多的发电站，而且要把整个能源系统升级。(It not only needs to build more power plants, but also upgrade the entire energy system.)
不管……都…… (no matter... all/still...)
Expresses that the result stays the same regardless of the condition. Used to emphasize unconditional outcomes.
不管刮不刮风，不管有没有太阳，它都能发电。(No matter whether it's windy or not, no matter whether there's sun or not, it can still generate electricity.)
不管是制造业还是交通，都离不开电。(No matter whether it's manufacturing or transportation, neither can do without electricity.)
虽然……但是…… (although... but...)
A concessive pattern acknowledging one fact while presenting a contrasting one. One of the most important HSK 3 grammar structures.
核电站虽然建设时间长，但是发电很稳定。(Although nuclear power plants take a long time to build, their power generation is very stable.)
这个办法虽然简单，但是很有效。(Although this method is simple, it's very effective.)
煤发电虽然便宜，但是污染很大。(Although coal power is cheap, it creates a lot of pollution.)
越……越…… (the more... the more...)
Expresses a proportional relationship where a change in one thing leads to a corresponding change in another.
地下越深，温度越高。(The deeper underground, the higher the temperature.)
清洁能源越来越便宜了。(Clean energy is getting cheaper and cheaper.) — Note: 越来越 is a related pattern meaning 'more and more'.
把 + Object + Verb Complement (disposal construction)
The 把 construction places the object before the verb to emphasize what happens to it. Very common and essential at HSK 3-4 level.
把多余的电存起来。(Store the excess electricity.)
用多余的电把水抽到山上去。(Use the excess electricity to pump water up the mountain.)
把西部的电送到东部去。(Send the western electricity to the east.)
把整个系统连起来。(Connect the entire system together.)
从……到……再到…… (from... to... and then to...)
Describes a sequence or progression through multiple stages or locations. Extends the basic 从...到... pattern.
从发电到储能，再到输电，都要改进。(From power generation to energy storage, and then to transmission, everything needs improvement.)
从内蒙古送到北京、上海。(Sent from Inner Mongolia to Beijing and Shanghai.)