人才进不来，公司走出去：美国科技巨头转向印度

以前，大家都觉得要想在最好的科技公司工作，就必须去美国。

Previously, everyone felt that if you wanted to work at the best tech companies, you had to go to the US.

像谷歌、亚马逊、微软这些大公司，都在美国有很多办公室。

Big companies like Google, Amazon, and Microsoft all have many offices in the US.

世界各地的聪明人都希望能拿到签证，去美国工作。

Smart people from all over the world hoped to get a visa and go to work in the US.

但是现在，情况发生了一些变化。

But now, the situation has undergone some changes.

如果这些聪明的人才不能去美国，那么美国的科技公司就会主动去人才所在的地方。

If these smart talents cannot go to the US, then US tech companies will take the initiative to go to where the talent is.

最近几个月，这些大公司在印度的招聘数量增加得非常快。

In recent months, the number of hires by these big companies in India has increased very quickly.

这是一个很明显的信号。

This is a very obvious signal.

我们来看一些具体的数据。

Let's look at some specific data.

根据最新的统计，在二月初的时候，这些大公司在印度有四千多个职位正在招人。

According to the latest statistics, at the beginning of February, these big companies had over four thousand positions hiring in India.

这不仅是一个小数目。

This is not a small number.

在二零二五年，这些公司在印度增加了大约三万三千名新员工。

In 2025, these companies added approximately 33,000 new employees in India.

这个数字比前一年增加了百分之十八。

This figure increased by 18 percent compared to the previous year.

这说明了什么呢？

What does this indicate?

这说明美国公司对印度人才的需求越来越大。

This indicates that US companies' demand for Indian talent is becoming greater and greater.

为什么会发生这种变化呢？

Why did this change occur?

这背后主要的原因是美国的签证政策变了。

The main reason behind this is that US visa policies have changed.

大家可能听说过 H-1B 签证。

You may have heard of the H-1B visa.

这是一种专门给外国技术人才的工作签证。

This is a work visa specifically for foreign technical talent.

以前，美国科技公司主要靠这种签证把国外的工程师带到美国去。

Previously, US tech companies mainly relied on this visa to bring foreign engineers to the US.

但是最近几年，拿这种签证变得越来越难了。

But in recent years, getting this visa has become increasingly difficult.

特别是在新的政策下，签证的费用增加了很多。

Especially under the new policies, the cost of the visa has increased a lot.

以前申请这种签证，费用大概是五千美元。

Previously, applying for this visa cost about 5,000 US dollars.

但是现在，费用增加到了十万美元左右。

But now, the cost has increased to around 100,000 US dollars.

这对公司来说，是一个巨大的成本。

For companies, this is a huge cost.

除了钱的问题，申请的难度也变大了。

Besides the money issue, the difficulty of applying has also increased.

很多申请都会被拒绝。

Many applications get rejected.

政府对申请人的检查也变得非常严格。

The government's scrutiny of applicants has also become very strict.

甚至可以说，现在想拿到这个签证，比以前难了好几倍。

One could even say that wanting to get this visa now is several times harder than before.

对于公司来说，这就改变了他们的计算方法。

For companies, this changes their calculation method.

如果把一个人带到美国要花十万美元，而且还不一定能成功，那为什么不去他们的国家开办公室呢？

If bringing a person to the US costs 100,000 dollars, and success isn't guaranteed, then why not go to their country to open an office?

这就是现在正在发生的事情。

This is exactly what is happening right now.

一位招聘公司的经理说，这完全改变了商业的逻辑。

A manager at a recruiting firm said this completely changed the logic of business.

所以，我们看到了这些大公司开始在印度大量招人。

Therefore, we see these big companies starting to hire heavily in India.

而且，他们招的不是普通的员工。

Moreover, they are not hiring ordinary employees.

你可能以为他们只是把简单的工作放到国外去做。

You might assume they are just moving simple jobs abroad.

其实不是这样的。

Actually, that is not the case.

现在的招聘数据显示，只有很少一部分是简单的入门工作。

Current hiring data shows that only a very small portion consists of simple entry-level jobs.

大概只有百分之十五的工作是给那些经验不到三年的人。

Only about 15 percent of jobs are for those with less than three years of experience.

那么剩下的工作是什么呢？

So what are the remaining jobs?

大部分都是非常高级的技术工作。

Most are very advanced technical jobs.

比如人工智能，也就是我们常说的 AI。

For example, artificial intelligence, which is what we often call AI.

还有机器学习、云计算和网络安全。

Also machine learning, cloud computing, and cybersecurity.

这些工作需要非常高的技术水平。

These jobs require a very high level of technical skill.

这说明印度有很多这样的人才。

This indicates that India has a lot of such talent.

有一位专家说，这是最近几年增长最快的一次。

An expert said this is the fastest growth seen in recent years.

他说，现在那里有很多人才，不仅仅是做基础工作的。

He said there is a lot of talent there now, not just doing basic work.

他们都在做很深的技术研究。

They are all doing very deep technical research.

特别是在深度学习和人工智能方面，这些人非常有经验。

Especially in deep learning and artificial intelligence, these people are very experienced.

正因为有人才，美国公司才愿意把重要的工作放到那里。

It is precisely because there is talent that US companies are willing to place important work there.

我们再来看看谷歌这个公司。

Let's look at the company Google again.

有新闻报道说，谷歌的母公司正在印度的班加罗尔找新的办公室。

News reports say that Google's parent company is looking for a new office in Bangalore, India.

班加罗尔是印度的一个城市，那里有很多科技公司。

Bangalore is a city in India where there are many tech companies.

谷歌计划租一个新的大办公室。

Google plans to rent a new large office.

这个办公室非常大，大概有两百四十万平方英尺。

This office is very large, about 2.4 million square feet.

如果这个办公室坐满了人，可以容纳两万名员工。

If this office is fully occupied, it can accommodate 20,000 employees.

这会让谷歌在印度的员工数量增加一倍以上。

This would more than double the number of Google employees in India.

这其中，有很多人是专门做机器学习和人工智能的。

Among them, many are specialized in machine learning and artificial intelligence.

这需要很高的知识水平，比如设计芯片和处理数据。

This requires a high level of knowledge, such as designing chips and processing data.

其实，班加罗尔已经是谷歌在美国以外最大的基地了。

In fact, Bangalore is already Google's largest base outside the US.

不仅仅是谷歌，其他的公司也是一样。

It's not just Google; other companies are the same.

微软在美国以外最大的研发中心也在班加罗尔。

Microsoft's largest R&D center outside the US is also in Bangalore.

亚马逊的情况也差不多。

Amazon's situation is similar.

这些公司都承诺要在印度投入很多钱。

These companies have all promised to invest a lot of money in India.

亚马逊计划投入三百五十亿美元。

Amazon plans to invest 35 billion US dollars.

微软也计划投入一百七十五亿美元。

Microsoft also plans to invest 17.5 billion US dollars.

这些钱都是为了在未来几年发展人工智能。

This money is all for developing artificial intelligence in the coming years.

专家认为，这个趋势在二零二六年会变得更明显。

Experts believe this trend will become more obvious in 2026.

如果美国的签证政策继续这么严格，公司就会继续在国外招人。

If US visa policies continue to be this strict, companies will continue hiring abroad.

有一个大学的研究发现了一个规律。

A university study discovered a pattern.

如果美国拒绝了一个外国人的签证申请，公司不会就这么放弃。

If the US rejects a foreigner's visa application, the company won't just give up.

公司会在别的国家招人来代替。

The company will hire someone in another country to replace them.

一般来说，每拒绝一个签证，公司就会在国外招大概一个人。

Generally speaking, for every rejected visa, the company will hire about one person abroad.

这些工作机会主要流向了印度、中国和加拿大。

These job opportunities mainly flow to India, China, and Canada.

这对于美国来说，可能是一个损失。

For the US, this might be a loss.

因为这些聪明的人才没有去美国，而是在别的国家为美国公司工作。

Because these smart talents did not go to the US, but are working for US companies in other countries.

但是对于公司来说，这是唯一的办法。

But for the companies, this is the only way.

他们需要人才来做研究，来开发新的产品。

They need talent to conduct research and develop new products.

如果人才不能来美国，公司就必须走出去。

If talent cannot come to the US, the companies must go out.

这种做法叫作“离岸外包”。

This practice is called "offshoring."

以前的外包主要是为了省钱，找便宜的劳动力。

Previous outsourcing was mainly to save money and find cheap labor.

但是现在的外包不一样了。

But the current outsourcing is different.

现在的目的是为了找到最好的人才。

The current goal is to find the best talent.

不管这个人在哪里，只要他有技术，公司就需要他。

No matter where this person is, as long as they have skills, the company needs them.

这也改变了全球科技工作的分布。

This has also changed the distribution of global tech jobs.

印度现在已经拥有全世界一半的“全球能力中心”员工。

India now possesses half of the world's "Global Capability Center" employees.

这些中心是跨国公司建立的专门机构。

These centers are specialized institutions established by multinational companies.

它们不仅仅是做服务，还做研发和分析。

They don't just provide services, they also do R&D and analysis.

现在大概有两百万印度人在这样的中心工作。

Now there are about two million Indians working in such centers.

这说明全球的科技力量正在重新分配。

This shows that global technological power is being redistributed.

对于想在科技行业工作的人来说，这可能是一个好消息。

For those who want to work in the tech industry, this might be good news.

因为你不需要非要去美国才能进大公司。

Because you don't necessarily have to go to the US to enter a big company.

大公司会来到你的国家，来到你的城市。

Big companies will come to your country, to your city.

只要你有真本事，特别是在人工智能这些新领域，机会是很多的。

As long as you have real skills, especially in new fields like artificial intelligence, there are many opportunities.

总的来说，签证的限制并没有阻止科技的发展。

In summary, visa restrictions have not stopped the development of technology.

它只是改变了发展的地点。

It just changed the location of development.

以前，硅谷是世界的中心。

Previously, Silicon Valley was the center of the world.

现在，科技的中心开始变得分散了。

Now, the center of technology is starting to become dispersed.

虽然美国依然很强，但是其他的国家也在变强。

Although the US is still very strong, other countries are also getting stronger.

这对于全世界的科技发展来说，也许是一件好事。

For the technological development of the whole world, this might be a good thing.

因为知识和技术在全世界流动得更快了。

Because knowledge and technology are flowing faster around the world.

我们以后可能会看到更多这样的情况。

We may see more situations like this in the future.

公司不再看重你在哪个国家，而是看重你会什么技术。

Companies no longer focus on which country you are in, but on what skills you have.

这就是我们要适应的新环境。

This is the new environment we must adapt to.

对于正在学习技术的学生来说，这也是一个提醒。

For students currently studying technology, this is also a reminder.

不管你在哪里，学好最先进的技术是最重要的。

No matter where you are, learning the most advanced technology is the most important thing.

比如现在最火的人工智能。

Like the currently most popular artificial intelligence.

只要掌握了这些技术，你就不用担心找不到好工作。

As long as you master these technologies, you don't need to worry about not finding a good job.

因为如果当地没有好工作，国际大公司也会来找你。

Because if there are no good jobs locally, international big companies will also come to find you.

这就是全球化带来的新机会。

This is the new opportunity brought by globalization.

虽然政策会有变化，但是对人才的需求是不会变的。

Although policies will change, the demand for talent will not change.

只要科技还在进步，这种需求就会一直存在。

As long as technology is still progressing, this demand will always exist.

我们也会继续关注这个话题，看看未来会有什么新的变化。

We will also continue to follow this topic to see what new changes will occur in the future.