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Chinese Vocabulary

627 essential Mandarin words and phrases from our podcast episodes. Each entry includes pinyin pronunciation, English translation, and links to episodes where the word is used.

安全ānquánsafe / safety

案子ànzilegal case / lawsuit

白热化bái rè huàwhite-hot / intense

摆烂bǎi lànto tank / to let things rot

板上钉钉bǎn shàng dìng dīngset in stone / certainty

办法bànfǎmethod / way / idea

beginnerbeginner

伴郎 / 伴娘bànláng / bànniánggroomsman / bridesmaid

帮bāngto help

帮助bāngzhùto help

绑定bǎng dìngto bind / to bundle

宝贵bǎoguìprecious / valuable

保护bǎohùto protect

暴跌bàodiēplummet / steep fall

悲观bēiguānpessimistic

贝壳bèikéseashell / shell

备忘录bèi wàng lùmemorandum

悖论bèilùnparadox

逼真bīzhēnlifelike / realistic

比赛bǐsàicompetition / match

必须bìxūmust / have to

变化biànhuàchange

变现biànxiànmonetization / to cash in

便利biànlìconvenient / convenience

便宜piányicheap

飙升biāoshēngto soar; to skyrocket

表演biǎoyǎnperformance / to perform

宾馆bīnguǎnhotel

冰山一角bīng shān yì jiǎotip of the iceberg

波澜bōlándisturbance / waves

播客bōkèpodcast

博弈bóyìgaming / strategic competition

补贴bǔtiēsubsidy / allowance

不甘示弱bùgānshìruòunwilling to be outdone

不够búgòunot enough

不仅bùjǐnnot only

不可通约bùkětōngyuēincommensurable

不痛不痒bútòngbùyǎngsuperficial / ineffective

彩礼cǎilǐbetrothal gift; bride price

测试cèshìto test / testing

常见chángjiàncommon

唱歌chànggēto sing

车队chēduìmotorcade / convoy

沉没成本chénmò chéngběnsunk cost

成本chéngběncost

成功chénggōngsuccess; successful

成绩chéngjìgrades / achievement

成熟chéngshúmature

承诺chéngnuòpromise; commitment

城市chéngshìcity

惩罚chéngfáto punish / punishment

触目惊心chù mù jīng xīnshocking / startling

触手可及chùshǒukějíwithin reach / at one's fingertips

穿chuānto wear

创新chuàngxīninnovation

春节ChūnjiéSpring Festival

纯粹chún cuìpure / purely

磁吸效应cí xī xiào yìngmagnetic effect

聪明cōngmingsmart; clever

脆弱cuìruòfragile; weak

错觉cuòjuéillusion / misconception

大家dàjiāeveryone / everybody

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大杀器dà shā qìpowerful weapon / game-changer

大使dàshǐambassador

大使馆dàshǐguǎnembassy

大有可为dà yǒu kě wéiwell worth doing / have a brilliant future

代表团dài biǎo tuándelegation

代沟dàigōugeneration gap

代价dài jiàprice / cost

代替dàitìto replace / to substitute

单枪匹马dān qiāng pǐ mǎsingle-handed / alone

担心dānxīnto worry

胆道闭锁dǎn dào bì suǒbiliary atresia

档期dàngqīschedule slot / release window

导演dǎoyǎndirector

倒挂dàoguàinversion / hanging upside down

道高一尺，魔高一丈dào gāo yī chǐ, mó gāo yī zhàngas virtue rises one foot, vice rises ten

得天独厚dé tiān dú hòublessed by heaven / uniquely privileged

地缘政治dìyuán zhèngzhìgeopolitics

抵制dǐzhìto boycott; to resist

第一次dì yī cìthe first time

点赞diǎnzànto like (an online post)

电工diàngōngelectrician

电脑diànnǎocomputer

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电视diànshìtelevision / TV

电影diànyǐngmovie

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迭代diédàiiteration

定海神针dìnghǎishénzhēnanchor / binding force

东道主dōngdàozhǔhost (of an event)

东西dōngxithings / stuff

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独角戏dú jiǎo xìmonodrama / one-man show

独立dú lìindependent

肚子dùzibelly; stomach

短缺duǎnquēshortage

断粮duàn liángrunning out of food / funding drying up

断舍离duànshělíDan-Sha-Ri (Refuse, Dispose, Separate)

断崖式duànyáshìcliff-like (drop)

囤积túnjīhoarding / to stockpile

多巴胺duōbā'àndopamine

多模态duōmótàimultimodal

罚款fákuǎnto fine / fine

反客为主fǎnkèwéizhǔfor the guest to usurp the host's role

返璞归真fǎnpúguīzhēnreturn to simplicity / return to one's original nature

范式fànshìparadigm

方便fāngbiànconvenient

防守fángshǒuto defend / defense

防御fángyùdefense

房子fángzihouse / building

访华fǎng huávisit to China

访问fǎngwènto visit / visit

放弃fàngqìto give up / to abandon

放松fàngsōngto relax

飞机fēijīairplane

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分散fēnsàndisperse; scatter

纷至沓来fēn zhì tà láicome in a continuous stream

氛围fēn wéiatmosphere / ambiance

氛围感fēnwéi gǎnatmosphere / vibe

丰富fēngfùrich / abundant

丰盛fēngshèngsumptuous / rich

风暴fēngbàostorm

风景fēngjǐngscenery

风险fēngxiǎnrisk; hazard

讽刺fěngcìirony / satire / to mock

幅度fúdùrange / scope / extent

复苏fùsūrecovery / resuscitation

复杂fùzácomplex / complicated

改变gǎibiànto change; change

改善gǎishànto improve

尴尬gāngàawkward / embarrassed

高大上gāo dà shànghigh-end / upscale / classy

高光时刻gāoguāng shíkèhighlight moment

高兴gāoxìnghappy; glad

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告诉gàosuto tell

歌手gēshǒusinger

隔阂gé hébarrier / estrangement

工人gōngrénworker

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工作gōngzuòto work / job

公平gōngpíngfair / impartial

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公司gōngsīcompany

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功夫gōngfuKung Fu / Martial Arts

供不应求gōng bù yìng qiúsupply falls short of demand

供体gòng tǐdonor (body/organ)

共鸣gòngmíngresonance

沟通gōutōngto communicate

孤单gūdānlonely

股票gǔpiàostock / share

股市gǔshìstock market

鼓励gǔlìto encourage

鼓掌gǔzhǎngto applaud / to clap

关税guān shuìtariff / customs duty

关心guānxīnto care about / to be concerned with

官司guānsilawsuit

管guǎnto manage / to control

广告guǎnggàoadvertisement

规定guīdìngregulation / rule

规矩guījurule; custom

规模guī móscale / scope

规则guīzérule / regulation

贵guìexpensive

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国旗guóqínational flag

国之交在于民相亲guó zhī jiāo zàiyú mín xiāngqīnrelations between countries depend on the closeness of their people

过程guòchéngprocess; course

还有háiyǒualso / in addition

含金量hánjīnliànggold content; intrinsic value

含蓄hán xùimplicit / subtle

寒意hányìchill; nip in the air

罕见hǎnjiànrare; rarely seen

喝茶hē chádrink tea

合规héguīcompliance

合作hézuòto cooperate / cooperation

核心héxīncore / nucleus

黑洞hēi dòngblack hole

黑马hēimǎdark horse

很难hěn nánvery hard / difficult

衡量héngliángto measure / to weigh

轰动hōngdòngsensation / stir

互相hùxiāngmutually / each other

互助hùzhùmutual aid / help each other

护照hùzhàopassport

化工厂huàgōngchǎngchemical plant

化石huàshífossil

怀疑huáiyíto suspect; to doubt

环保局huánbǎojúEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA)

环境huánjìngenvironment

恢复huī fùrecover; resume

婚礼hūnlǐwedding ceremony

伙伴huǒbànpartner / companion

机场jīchǎngairport

机会jīhuìopportunity / chance

鸡肋jī lèichicken ribs / something of little value

积蓄jīxùsavings

积压jīyābacklog / overstock

基础jīchǔfoundation; basic

基础设施jī chǔ shè shīinfrastructure

基因jīyīngene

激烈jīlièintense / fierce

极简jíjiǎnminimalist

极简主义jíjiǎnzhǔyìminimalism

挤出效应jǐ chū xiào yìngcrowding-out effect

技术jìshùskill / technique

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既然jìránsince; given that

家乡jiāxiānghometown

假的jiǎdefake

价格jiàgéprice

坚持jiānchíto persist; to insist

监管jiānguǎnregulation / supervision

简单jiǎndānsimple / uncomplicated

见面jiàn miànto meet / to see each other

建议jiànyìto suggest; suggestion

健康jiànkānghealth / healthy

奖杯jiǎngbēitrophy

降本增效jiàng běn zēng xiàocut costs and increase efficiency

降低jiàngdīto reduce / to lower

交换jiāohuànexchange

交流jiāoliúexchange

骄傲jiāo'àoproud

焦虑jiāolǜanxious / anxiety

阶梯式jiētīshìtiered / stepped

结婚jiéhūnto get married

截胡jié húto intercept / to snatch

截留jiéliúto intercept / to retain / to hold back

解雇jiěgùto lay off / to fire

界面jiè miàninterface

借口jièkǒuexcuse

紧锣密鼓jǐn luó mì gǔintense; in full swing

谨慎jǐnshèncautious / prudent

近身肉搏jìn shēn ròu bóhand-to-hand combat / close quarters combat

进步jìnbùprogress

进化jìnhuàevolution / to evolve

经验jīngyànexperience

精彩jīngcǎiwonderful / exciting

井喷式jǐngpēnshìblowout style / explosive

警察jǐngchápolice

警惕jǐngtìvigilance; alert; on guard

竞争jìng zhēngcompetition / to compete

救jiùto save; to rescue

局势júshìsituation (political/military)

举措jǔcuòmeasure / move / initiative

举行jǔxíngto hold (an event)

巨头jùtóutycoon / giant / magnate

拒绝jùjuéto refuse / to reject

剧本jùběnscript; scenario

聚会jùhuìgathering / party

捐juānto donate

决定juédìngto decide / decision

觉得juédeto feel; to think

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军民两用jūnmín liǎngyòngdual-use (military and civilian)

开始kāishǐto start / to begin

康复kāngfùto recover; rehabilitation

科技kējìtechnology

科学家kēxuéjiāscientist

可持续kěchíxùsustainable

可怜kěliánpitiful; poor

可惜kěxīpity / regrettable

渴望kěwàngto thirst for / to long for

克制kèzhìrestraint / to restrain

控制kòngzhìto control

口碑kǒubēiword of mouth / reputation

扣篮kòulánslam dunk

跨国kuàguótransnational; cross-border

快乐kuàilèhappy

匮乏kuìfáscarce / lacking

困难kùnnandifficulty; difficult

浪费làngfèito waste

老板lǎobǎnboss

老生常谈lǎo shēng cháng táncliché / platitude

乐观lèguānoptimistic

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冷冻期lěng dòng qīdeep freeze / freezing period

冷清lěngqīngcold and cheerless / desolate

离岸lí'ànoffshore

理想lǐxiǎngideal

理智lǐzhìreason; rational; intellect

厉害lìhaiawesome / formidable / severe

立竿见影lì gān jiàn yǐngproduce instant results

连接liánjiēto connect

链接liànjiēlink

裂痕lièhénrift / crack

邻居línjūneighbor

淋漓尽致lín lí jìn zhìvividly / thoroughly / incisively

琳琅满目línlángmǎnmùa superb collection of beautiful things / a feast for the eyes

灵活línghuóflexible; agile

领导人lǐngdǎorénleader

领域lǐngyùfield; domain

令人咋舌lìng rén zé shéstaggering / jaw-dropping

流畅liúchàngsmooth / fluent

流程liúchéngprocess / workflow

流媒体liú méi tǐstreaming media

流水线liúshuǐxiànassembly line

流行liúxíngpopular / trendy

旅游lǚyóuto travel / tourism

律师lǜshīlawyer

逻辑luójílogic

麻烦máfantroublesome / trouble

beginnerbeginner

买卖mǎi maibuying and selling / business / trade

矛盾máodùnconflict; contradiction

冒犯mào fànaffront / offense

贸易màoyìtrade

没关系méi guān xiit doesn't matter / no problem

美元měiyuánUS Dollar

门槛mén kǎnthreshold

盟友méngyǒually

迷茫mímángconfused; perplexed

迷失míshīto lose (one's way)

免费miǎnfèifree of charge

免费增值miǎn fèi zēng zhífreemium

免签miǎnqiānvisa-free

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面对miànduìto face; to confront

面子miànziface / reputation

渺茫miǎomángslim; uncertain; vague

民生mín shēngpeople's livelihood

民事诉讼mínshì sùsòngcivil lawsuit

名声míngshēngreputation

明白míngbaito understand; clear

明星míngxīngstar / celebrity

模糊móhublurry; vague

模式mó shìmodel / pattern

摩洛哥MóluògēMorocco

陌生人mòshēngrénstranger

木已成舟mùyǐchéngzhōuwhat is done is done

目标mùbiāogoal; target

内耗nèihàointernal friction / mental exhaustion

内忧外患nèi yōu wài huàninternal trouble and outside aggression

能动性néngdòngxìngagency / initiative

逆跌nìdiēreverse drop

年轻niánqīngyoung

年轻人niánqīngrényoung people

努力nǔlìhardworking / to strive

排场páichǎngostentation; spectacle

判断pànduànjudgment; to judge

庞大páng dàhuge / enormous

抨击pēngjīto attack (verbally) / to lash out

朋友péngyoufriend

披露pīlùto disclose / to reveal

脾气píqitemper

偏远piānyuǎnremote; far-flung

骗piànto cheat / to deceive

骗局piànjúscam / fraud

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骗子piànziscammer / cheater

票房piàofángbox office

漂亮piàoliangbeautiful / pretty

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平衡pínghéngbalance

破绽pò zhànflaw / loophole

普通法pǔ tōng fǎCommon Law

普通人pǔtōngrénordinary person

铺张浪费pūzhāng làngfèiextravagance and waste

欺骗qīpiànto cheat / to deceive

欺诈qīzhàfraud / deception

奇迹qí jìmiracle

旗子qíziflag

气候变化qìhòu biànhuàclimate change

契机qìjīturning point; opportunity

千人千面qiānrénqiānmiàna thousand faces for a thousand people

签证qiānzhèngvisa

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强硬qiángyìngtough / unyielding

桥梁qiáoliángbridge

亲戚qīnqirelatives

轻描淡写qīngmiáodànxiěslap on the wrist / understate

清楚qīngchuclear / to understand

清晰qīngxīclear / distinct

清醒qīngxǐngclear-headed / sober

情况qíngkuàngsituation

情书qíng shūlove letter

情绪qíng xùemotion / sentiment / mood

晴雨表qíngyǔbiǎobarometer

球员qiúyuánplayer (of ball games)

趋势qūshìtrend / tendency

去监管qù jiānguǎnderegulation

去年qùniánlast year

圈层quāncéngsocial circles / stratification

全明星quánmíngxīngAll-Star

权衡quánhéngto weigh; to balance

缺点quēdiǎnweakness; shortcoming; flaw

缺乏quē fálack; be short of

确认偏误quèrèn piānwùconfirmation bias

热衷rèzhōngkeen on / obsessed with

人才réncáitalent (person)

人工智能réngōng zhìnéngartificial intelligence (AI)

人类rénlèihumanity / human race

人类学家rénlèixuéjiāanthropologist

人性rénxìnghuman nature

认识rènshito know / to meet

韧性rènxìngresilience; tenacity

容纳róngnàto accommodate; to hold

容易róngyìeasy

软件ruǎnjiànsoftware

三板斧sānbǎnfǔthree axes / old tricks

三分球sānfēnqiúthree-pointer

杀猪盘shāzhūpánPig Butchering Scam

商店shāngdiànstore / shop

商业shāng yèbusiness / commerce

上映shàngyìngto screen / to release (a movie)

烧钱shāo qiánburning cash / spending spree

少shǎofew / little

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摄像机shèxiàngjīvideo camera

摄影师shèyǐngshīphotographer

申请shēnqǐngto apply; application

身体shēntǐbody; health

深度伪造shēndù wěizàodeepfake

神仙打架shénxiāndǎjiàclash of the titans

神仙打架，凡人遭殃shén xiān dǎ jià, fán rén zāo yāngwhen gods fight, mortals suffer

审慎shěnshèncautious; prudent

审视shěnshìto examine closely

甚至shènzhìeven; so much so that

渗透shèntòuto infiltrate / to permeate

生病shēngbìngto get sick

生成shēngchéngto generate / to produce

生活shēnghuólife / to live

生命shēngmìnglife

生物学shēngwùxuébiology

生意shēngyibusiness; trade

失望shīwàngdisappointed

时间shíjiāntime

使命shǐmìngmission

世界shìjièworld

事情shìqingthing; matter

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视频shìpínvideo

收拾shōushito pack / to tidy up

手机shǒujīmobile phone / smartphone

手术shǒushùsurgery; operation

手续shǒuxùprocedures / formalities

首相shǒuxiàngPrime Minister

受伤shòushāngto get injured

舒服shūfucomfortable

数据中心shùjù zhōngxīndata center

诉讼sùsònglawsuit / litigation

虽然suī ránalthough / even though

随便suíbiàncasual / as one pleases

摊主tānzhǔstall owner

坦率tǎn xuàifrank / candid

特别tèbiéspecial

疼téngpain; ache

踢足球tī zúqiúto play soccer

天气tiānqìweather

天文数字tiān wén shù zìastronomical figure

天真tiānzhēnnaive / innocent

填tiánto fill in

填表tiánbiǎoto fill out a form

挑剔tiāotipicky / fastidious

挑战tiǎozhànchallenge

条件tiáojiàncondition / requirement

听得懂tīngdedǒngcan understand (by listening)

停tíngto stop

同意tóngyìto agree / consent

统计tǒng jìstatistics / to count

投篮tóulánto shoot (a basket)

投球tóuqiúto shoot (a ball) / to pitch

投入tóurùto invest / to put into

投资tóuzīto invest / investment

团结tuánjiéunity / to unite

推手tuīshǒudriving force; pusher

外包wàibāoto outsource

完美wánměiperfect

挽回wǎnhuíto retrieve / to redeem

往往wǎngwǎngoften; frequently

危机wēi jīcrisis

危险wēixiǎndangerous / danger

危言耸听wēiyánsǒngtīngalarmist talk / scaremongering

威慑力wēishèlìdeterrence / deterrent effect

违规wéiguīviolation / to violate rules

维持wéi chíto maintain / to preserve

伪装wěizhuāngto disguise / camouflage

未来wèiláifuture

文化wénhuàculture

问题wèntíproblem / question

问责wènzéhold accountable

污染wūrǎnpollution / to pollute

污染者wūrǎnzhěpolluter

无论wúlùnno matter what / regardless of

务实wù shípragmatic / practical

吸引力xīyǐnlìappeal / attraction

西班牙语XībānyáyǔSpanish language

希望xīwàngto hope / hope

牺牲xīshēngto sacrifice

习惯xíguànhabit / to be used to

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系统xìtǒngsystem

下降xiàjiàngto decline / to drop

现代xiàndàimodern times / modern

限制xiànzhìrestriction / limit

陷阱xiànjǐngtrap / snare

相信xiāngxìnto believe; to trust

项目xiàngmùproject

象征xiàng zhēngsymbol / to symbolize

像xiànglook like / resemble

消除xiāo chúto eliminate / to remove

消费券xiāofèiquànconsumption voucher / coupon

消费主义xiāofèizhǔyìconsumerism

小心xiǎo xīncareful / cautious

小心翼翼xiǎoxīnyìyìwith the greatest care; very cautiously

效率xiàolǜefficiency

笑xiàoto smile; to laugh

心动xīndòngheartbeat / to be tempted / to spark joy

心疼xīnténgheartache / to love dearly

芯片xīnpiànchip (computer)

辛苦xīnkǔhard / laborious

新闻xīnwénnews

信任xìnrèntrust

信誓旦旦xìn shì dàn dànto vow solemnly / pledging faith

信息过载xìnxī guòzàiinformation overload

信息茧房xìnxī jiǎnfánginformation cocoon

醒xǐngto wake up

幸存者偏差xìngcúnzhě piānchāsurvivorship bias

幸福xìngfúhappy; happiness

休息xiūxito rest

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修xiūto fix / to repair

羞耻xiū chǐshame / shameful

需要xū yàoto need / to require

许可证xǔkězhènglicense / permit

宣布xuānbùto announce

悬念xuánniànsuspense

选举xuǎnjǔelection

选秀xuǎnxiùdraft / talent selection

血脉偾张xuè mài fèn zhāngblood boiling / thrilling

压倒性yādǎoxìngoverwhelming

压力yālìpressure

押注yāzhùto bet; to wager

严格yángéstrict

严峻yán jùnsevere / grim

严重yánzhòngserious; severe

研发yánfāR&D (Research and Development)

眼睛yǎnjingeye

演员yǎnyuánactor / actress

养尊处优yǎng zūn chǔ yōuto live like a prince / pampered

摇滚yáogǔnrock and roll

药yàomedicine

业绩yèjìperformance; track record

一针见血yīzhēnjiànxiěhit the nail on the head

衣服yīfuclothes

beginnerbeginner

医疗yīliáomedical treatment

医生yīshēngdoctor

医院yīyuànhospital

仪式yíshìritual / ceremony

移民yímínimmigrant; immigration

移植yízhítransplant

以前yǐqiánbefore / previously

亿yìhundred million

异化yìhuàalienation

意味着yìwèizheto mean / to imply

银行yínhángbank

隐患yǐnhuànhidden danger

隐私yǐnsīprivacy / private matters

隐喻yǐnyùmetaphor / implicit comparison

印象yìnxiàngimpression

婴儿yīng'érinfant; baby

鹰派yīngpàihawk; hawkish faction

赢得yíngdéto win / to gain

影响yǐngxiǎngto influence / affect

优惠券yōuhuìquàncoupon; voucher

幽默yōumòhumorous

犹豫yóu yùhesitate

友谊yǒuyìfriendship

有名yǒumíngfamous

诱导yòu dǎoto induce / to guide / to mislead

诱惑yòuhuòtemptation / to entice

舆论yúlùnpublic opinion

雨后春笋yǔhòu chūnsǔnbamboo shoots after a spring rain

语言yǔyánlanguage

预发布yù fā bùpre-release

预售yùshòupre-sale

遇到yùdàoto meet; to encounter

渊源yuān yuánorigin / source / deep historical connection

原汁原味yuánzhī yuánwèiauthentic / original taste and flavor

云计算yúnjìsuàncloud computing

在意zàiyìto care about / to mind

载入史册zài rù shǐ cèrecorded in history

赞助zàn zhùsponsor / sponsorship

增加zēngjiāto increase

粘性niánxìngstickiness / viscosity

展示zhǎn shìto display / to showcase

崭露头角zhǎn lù tóu jiǎoemerge; reveal talent

战略zhànlüèstrategy

涨停板zhǎng tíng bǎnlimit up / daily price ceiling

招聘zhāopìnto recruit; hiring

找zhǎoto look for / to find

照顾zhàogùto take care of

照片zhàopiànphoto; picture

照相馆zhàoxiàngguǎnphoto studio

哲学家zhéxuéjiāphilosopher

着急zháojíanxious; worried

真的zhēn dereal / true

真相zhēnxiàngtruth / real situation

诊断zhěnduàndiagnosis; to diagnose

争论zhēnglùndispute / argument

证明zhèngmíngto prove / proof

政策zhèngcèpolicy

政府zhèngfǔgovernment

beginnerbeginner

支撑zhī chēngto prop up / to support / to sustain

执法zhífǎenforcement / to enforce the law

值得zhídéworth / deserving

制度zhìdùsystem / institution

治理zhì lǐgovernance / to govern

质疑zhì yíto question / to query

智能zhìnéngintelligent; smart

重磅炸弹zhòngbàng zhàdànheavyweight bomb / blockbuster news

重量级zhòng liàng jíheavyweight

重要zhòngyàoimportant

主角zhǔ juéprotagonist / main character

主流zhǔ liúmainstream

专家zhuānjiāexpert

专门zhuānménspecialized; specially

赚zhuànto earn (money)

赚钱zhuànqiánto make money

壮观zhuàng guānspectacular / magnificent

状元zhuàngyuántop scorer / number one pick

准备zhǔnbèito prepare / preparation

捉襟见肘zhuōjīnjiànzhǒustretched to the limit / unable to cope

咨询zīxúnconsultation; to consult

资金zījīnfunds / capital

仔细zǐxìcareful; attentive

字节跳动Zìjié TiàodòngByteDance

自私zìsīselfish

自信zìxìnconfident

自由zìyóufreedom; free

祖先zǔxiānancestor

尊重zūnzhòngto respect

遵守zūnshǒuto comply with; to abide by

作弊zuòbìto cheat

坐zuòto sit / to take (transportation)

座位zuòwèiseat