HSK: Levels, Word Counts, Test Format & Free Listening Audio
HSK (汉语水平考试) is China's official Chinese proficiency test for non-native speakers. Six levels, each defined by a published vocabulary list — not by hours studied.
By Haoshan HongNative Mandarin speakerUpdated July 2026
What is the HSK?
The HSK is China's official Chinese proficiency exam for non-native speakers. Six levels run from HSK 1, which certifies about 150 words, up to HSK 6, which assumes 5,000 or more.
Each level is defined by a published cumulative vocabulary list. That makes the exam a bounded target rather than an open-ended sense of “fluency” — you can see exactly what you need to know.
No HSK level tests speaking; that is a separate exam called the HSKK. Writing appears from HSK 3 onward. Results are valid for two years.
How do the six HSK levels compare?
Greetings, numbers, dates, family, simple food orders — at very slow speed.
- • ~150 words
- • 40 questions · 20 listening + 20 reading
- • Pass 120 / 200
- • 1.5–4 months from zero
Short everyday exchanges — shopping, directions, weather, simple plans.
- • ~300 words
- • 60 questions · 35 listening + 25 reading
- • Pass 120 / 200
- • 4–8 months from zero
Most daily-life topics. Travel in China without falling back on English.
- • ~600 words
- • 80 questions · 40 listening + 30 reading + 10 writing
- • Pass 180 / 300
- • 9–18 months from zero
Broad conversation, slower news, longer exchanges with some fluency.
- • ~1,200 words
- • 100 questions · 45 listening + 40 reading + 15 writing
- • Pass 180 / 300
- • 1.5–2.5 years from zero
Newspapers, film and TV, a reasonably full speech.
- • ~2,500 words
- • 100 questions · 45 listening + 45 reading + 10 writing
- • Pass 180 / 300
- • 2.5–4 years from zero
Written and spoken Chinese with ease; fluent expression in both.
- • 5,000+ words
- • 101 questions · 50 listening + 50 reading + 1 writing
- • Pass 180 / 300
- • 4+ years from zero
Where is the full word list for each HSK level?
The lists below are the official Hanban vocabulary, cumulative at each level. Every entry carries pinyin, English and part of speech, and links to episodes where you can hear the word used. Free, no signup.
HSK 2.0 or HSK 3.0 — which version am I taking?
First, the naming. 2.0 and 3.0 are versions of the exam, not levels. HSK 3.0 is a new edition of the whole test — it has nothing to do with HSK level 3. Everything above on this page describes HSK 2.0, the version in use today.
HSK 3.0 replaces the six-level system with three stages and nine levels — 1–3 elementary, 4–6 intermediate, 7–9 advanced. Total vocabulary expands from about 5,000 words to 10,896.
It was published in November 2025 and carries a July 2026 implementation date. A limited pilot ran on 31 January 2026, but regular 2026 sittings still use HSK 2.0 until chinesetest.cn announces the formal switch.
What to do about it
Prepare for the exact version printed on your registration materials — not for “HSK 4” in the abstract. Unless your test centre says otherwise, that means HSK 2.0, which is what the rest of this page describes.
| Exam version | HSK 2.0 (in use now) | HSK 3.0 (from July 2026) |
|---|---|---|
| Levels | 6 | 9, in three stages |
| Total vocabulary | ~5,000 words | 10,896 words |
| Cumulative L1–L6 | 150 / 300 / 600 / 1,200 / 2,500 / 5,000 | 300 / 500 / 1,000 / 2,000 / 3,600 / 5,400 |
| Writing starts at | HSK 3 | HSK 2 |
| Advanced tier | none above HSK 6 | HSK 7–9: long-form listening and reading plus writing, translation and speech |
Source: Chinese Testing International, November 2025 syllabus release. We will update this page when the switch is formally announced.
How much of the HSK is listening?
Listening is worth 45–58% of the questions at every level — more than reading, and far more than writing. It is also the one section you cannot slow down.
Reading gives you time to decode a character you half-remember. Listening gives you the length of one sentence. That gap is why most candidates who prepare only with word lists and mock papers arrive able to read a word they cannot hear.
Which HSK level should I take?
Take the level whose vocabulary you already mostly know — not the one you are studying towards. Sitting a level you are still learning is the most common reason people fail.
Open the level below your target
Play one episode at that level and listen once, without the transcript.
Check yourself at roughly 70%
If you followed about 70% on that first listen, you are ready to sit the level.
Below 50%? Drop one level
Spend four to six weeks of daily listening there first. It is faster than grinding the harder level.
Choosing a study goal instead?
Aim at HSK 4. That is where Chinese becomes genuinely usable, and what most Chinese universities ask for.
The method in practice
Free HSK-calibrated listening audio at every level
Fluentide generates daily Mandarin episodes calibrated to each HSK level, so speed, vocabulary, and grammar land at your i+1. Every episode ships with the full Chinese transcript, syllable-by-syllable pinyin, line-by-line English translation, and tap-to-define vocabulary.
- Four HSK-graded audio tiers, new episodes daily
- Full transcript, pinyin toggle, and English on every line
- Free to browse — no signup needed to listen
Use one story with mixed HSK levels
The same Fluentide story exists at HSK 1, HSK 2, HSK 3–4, and HSK 5–6. A mixed group can keep one topic and switch the band instead of finding four different texts.
Play audio only
Start without the transcript so the room has to listen first.
Add Chinese, then pinyin or English
Reveal the script only if someone is stuck. Keep supports optional.
Switch the band, keep the story
Move between HSK 1, 2, 3–4, and 5–6 without changing the topic.
Assign that story
Pro can assign it to one class of up to 25 students. They join free with a code and only get the stories you assign.
How long does each HSK level take?
The levels are not evenly spaced. HSK 1 to HSK 3 arrives quickly because the word lists are small and the speech is slow.
The stall point is HSK 4 to HSK 5: vocabulary roughly doubles from 1,200 to 2,500 words while listening speed moves close to native pace. Daily listening compresses these windows. Word lists alone reliably stretch them.
How does HSK map to CEFR?
HSK 1–6 map roughly onto CEFR A1–C2, and conversational fluency starts somewhere around HSK 4–5.
Treat the top of that mapping with care. The official HSK 5–6 to C1–C2 alignment is disputed — HSK 6 vocabulary is well short of what C2 normally implies.
Where to practise each level
Chinese listening practice
The full leveled episode library, with transcripts, pinyin, and line-by-line English.
The comprehensible input method
Why i+1 listening builds the processing speed that timed HSK listening demands.
How long does Chinese take?
Realistic timelines by study intensity, and what actually moves them.
What HSK level is fluent?
Where the fluency line really sits, and why HSK 6 is not C2.
Chinese learning resources
Find courses and tools for every skill.
Jump straight to a level: HSK 1 · HSK 2 · HSK 3 · HSK 4 · HSK 5 · HSK 6