A Chinese podcast · Same story, 4 levels

你的“前额叶皮层未发育完全”成了新的替罪羊
Your 'Undeveloped Prefrontal Cortex' — The Internet's New Excuse for Bad Decisions
About this story
Why social media blames the prefrontal cortex for bad choices — temper, regret, and the line between science and excuse. HSK 3 Chinese listening practice.
This is an HSK 3-4 Chinese listening episode that runs about 7 minutes. The full Mandarin script is shown with tap-for-pinyin and a line-by-line English translation, so you can listen and read at once — comprehensible input in the sense of Stephen Krashen's i+1 theory. It teaches 12 key vocabulary words such as 前额叶皮层、发育、替罪羊 and walks through 5 grammar patterns, each explained in English with examples. The same news story is retold at 4 difficulty levels — use the level selector above to find the version that is challenging but still understandable for you.
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原文Read the complete story in Chinese. Reveal pinyin and English only when you need them.
English transcript reference
Speaking of why young people make mistakes, recently many people like to blame it on the brain.
You've probably often seen a certain term online.
This term is called "prefrontal cortex."
It sounds very scientific, right?
Actually, it's a part of our brain.
This part is at the very front of our brain.
It's very important because it helps us make decisions.
If you want to plan something, you need to use it.
If you want to control your temper, you also need to use it.
Scientists say this part develops very slowly.
For many people, it doesn't fully develop until after age twenty-five.
So many young people have found a great excuse.
When they make mistakes, they don't feel it's their own problem.
They say, my prefrontal cortex hasn't fully developed yet.
It's like finding a scapegoat for their own mistakes.
Let's look at some examples from daily life.
For example, a college student bought a lot of things online.
He spent all of his monthly living expenses.
Then he had no money to eat.
In the past, he might have felt very regretful.
He would have felt he spent money too recklessly.
But now, he might post on social media.
He says, you can't blame me.
It's because my brain hasn't fully grown yet.
My prefrontal cortex doesn't know how to control spending.
Also, many young people act this way in relationships too.
If they lose their temper badly at their boyfriend or girlfriend.
They said some very hurtful things.
Afterward, they might not apologize right away.
Instead, they say, my brain is still developing.
So I can't control my emotions.
This kind of excuse is becoming more and more popular online.
Not only do people not feel embarrassed, they actually find it amusing.
As if simply invoking a scientific term makes the mistake disappear.
But is this way of thinking really correct?
Although scientists say the brain doesn't fully develop until age twenty-five.
That doesn't mean people under twenty-five don't know right from wrong.
Teenagers actually already know what is good.
They also know what is bad.
You can't push all your problems onto the brain.
If you always do this, there will be a big problem.
The problem is that you'll never grow up.
Our brains are very smart.
How does it develop?
The brain learns through our actions and experiences.
If you did something wrong and feel very sad about it.
Then you tell yourself you can't do this again next time.
At that moment, your brain is learning.
Your prefrontal cortex becomes stronger.
But if you immediately make excuses for yourself.
You say it's not my fault, it's the brain's fault.
Then your brain loses the opportunity to learn.
It won't remember this lesson.
Next time you encounter the same situation, you'll still make the wrong choice.
We can compare today's young people with those from the past.
Young people in the past took on responsibilities earlier than today's young people.
Many people in the past started working at eighteen.
They not only had to take care of themselves, but also their families.
Did their brains develop earlier than ours today?
Actually no, everyone's brains are the same.
The difference lies in environment and responsibility.
People in the past didn't have the excuse of "undeveloped prefrontal cortex."
When they made mistakes, they had to solve them on their own.
So they learned fast and matured fast.
Living conditions now are much better than before.
Young people's pressure is actually not as great as before.
So everyone has more time to focus on themselves.
Why is this scientific excuse so popular online?
Because short videos tell us about these things every day.
Short videos like to simplify complex problems.
They tell you that you always get angry because your brain hasn't fully grown.
You're always late also because your brain hasn't fully grown.
This makes many people feel comfortable hearing it.
Because admitting you're wrong is a painful thing.
Pushing responsibility onto a body part is much easier.
It's like when you didn't do well on a test.
You don't say you didn't study; you say the pen was bad.
But we should be careful about this comfortable feeling.
If you get used to avoiding responsibility, the consequences will be serious.
At work, your boss won't care whether your brain has developed or not.
The boss only cares whether you can do the job well.
If you mess up something important.
Then you tell your boss, my prefrontal cortex hasn't fully developed.
You'll definitely be fired by your boss.
Your friends might also be driven away by you.
Friends can forgive you once or twice.
But if you always hurt others and refuse to admit fault.
Eventually everyone will leave you.
Actually, twenty-five is not a magical number.
It doesn't mean you know nothing at twenty-four.
And then suddenly become smart after your twenty-fifth birthday.
Brain growth is a very long process.
In this process, you need to keep practicing.
Every time you make a decision on your own, you're exercising your brain.
Every time you bravely admit a mistake, you're also exercising your brain.
It's just like going to the gym to exercise your body.
If you don't lift weights, your muscles won't grow.
If you don't take responsibility, your brain won't mature.
So when we hear this term again.
We can have a laugh, but don't take it seriously.
Scientific knowledge is meant to help us understand ourselves.
It's not meant to give us an escape route.
Knowing that your brain is still developing is a good thing.
It means we still have a lot of room for improvement.
We can tell ourselves, I'll do better in the future.
If you have a quick temper, practice deep breathing more.
If you like spending money recklessly, let your family manage your money.
Find ways to solve problems instead of making excuses.
It's actually very normal for young people to make mistakes.
No one expects you to do everything right from the start.
What matters is your attitude after making a mistake.
You need to carry the responsibility on your own shoulders.
Only then can you truly become an adult.
Listen again
Try it without the transcript and notice what sounds clearer.
What vocabulary does this episode teach?
词汇Used to describe biological growth and maturation, especially of body parts or organs. In the episode, it refers to the brain's development process.
A reason given to justify a fault or avoid responsibility. A central concept in this episode - young people use brain development as an excuse for bad behavior.
To have power over something, to restrain. Used throughout the episode in the context of controlling emotions and impulses.
One's tendency to become angry. The episode gives examples of young people losing their temper and blaming it on brain development.
To do something wrong. The episode discusses how young people handle their mistakes differently now compared to the past.
To become fully developed, either physically or mentally. The episode contrasts brain maturity with personal maturity.
Physical or mental training. The episode uses the gym analogy - just as muscles need exercise, the brain needs to be trained through responsible decision-making.
To feel sorry about something that has happened. The episode contrasts how people used to feel regret after mistakes versus now blaming the brain.
The front part of the brain responsible for decision-making, planning, and impulse control. Scientists say it doesn't fully develop until around age 25.
Literally 'substitute-guilt-goat.' Someone or something that takes the blame for others' mistakes. The episode argues the prefrontal cortex has become young people's new scapegoat.
To accept and carry out one's duties or obligations. The episode argues young people should take responsibility rather than blame their brains.
To run away from something, especially responsibilities. The episode warns against using science as a way to evade personal accountability.
* beyond level超纲词
What grammar patterns appear in this episode?
语法不但...而且... (bùdàn...érqiě...)
This structure means 'not only...but also...' and is used to connect two related clauses where the second adds to or intensifies the first. It's a progressive compound sentence pattern.
大家不但不觉得丢脸,而且觉得很有意思。(Not only do people not feel embarrassed, they actually find it amusing.)
他们不但要照顾自己,而且要照顾家人。(They not only had to take care of themselves, but also their families.)
如果...就... (rúguǒ...jiù...)
This conditional pattern means 'if...then...' and is used to express hypothetical situations and their results. It appears frequently throughout the episode to present scenarios.
如果你总是这样做,就会有一个很大的问题。(If you always do this, there will be a big problem.)
如果你习惯了逃避责任,后果会很严重。(If you get used to avoiding responsibility, the consequences will be serious.)
虽然...但是... (suīrán...dànshì...)
This concessive pattern means 'although...but...' and is used to acknowledge one fact while presenting a contrasting point. Unlike English, Chinese uses both 'although' and 'but' in the same sentence.
虽然科学家说大脑在二十五岁才发育好,但是这不代表二十五岁以前的人不知道对错。(Although scientists say the brain doesn't fully develop until 25, that doesn't mean people under 25 don't know right from wrong.)
比...更... (bǐ...gèng...)
This comparative structure means 'more...than...' and is used to make comparisons between two things, emphasizing that one surpasses the other in some quality.
以前的年轻人比现在的年轻人更早承担责任。(Young people in the past took on responsibilities earlier than today's young people.)
现在的生活条件比以前好太多了。(Living conditions now are much better than before.)
是...的 (shì...de) for emphasis
This cleft sentence structure is used to emphasize a particular aspect of a past or known event, such as the manner, time, place, or reason. It highlights information the speaker considers important.
大脑是通过我们做事情来学习的。(The brain learns through our actions and experiences.)
科学知识是为了帮我们了解自己。(Scientific knowledge is meant to help us understand ourselves.)
Proper Nouns
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