7500 亿美元的史诗级 IPO：SpaceX 上市，与一个万亿富翁的诞生

昨天，6月12号，SpaceX 正式上市了。

Yesterday, June 12, SpaceX officially went public.

这是人类历史上，规模最大的一次 IPO。

This is the largest IPO in human history.

我们先简单介绍一下 SpaceX。

Let's first briefly introduce SpaceX.

这是一家美国的航天公司。

It's an American aerospace company.

老板是马斯克。

The boss is Musk.

它最有名的，是两件事。

It's most famous for two things.

第一，是可回收火箭。

First, reusable rockets.

以前的火箭，发射一次，就废了。

Old rockets, once launched, were scrapped.

非常贵。

Extremely expensive.

而 SpaceX 做到了，让火箭发射上天以后，

But SpaceX managed to let a rocket, after launching into the sky,

还能自己稳稳地飞回来，降落，再用一次。

steadily fly back down, land, and be used again.

这件事，大大降低了上天的成本。

This greatly lowered the cost of going to space.

第二，是星链。

Second, Starlink.

SpaceX 在近地轨道上，

In low Earth orbit, SpaceX

部署了成千上万颗小卫星。

has deployed tens of thousands of small satellites.

这些卫星组成一张网，

These satellites form a net,

可以给全球任何一个角落，提供高速上网。

able to provide high-speed internet to any corner of the globe.

哪怕是在大海中央，在战场上，在沙漠里，

Even in the middle of the ocean, on a battlefield, in a desert,

都能连上网络。

you can connect to the network.

所以，星链现在已经成了

So Starlink has now become

SpaceX 最赚钱的业务。

SpaceX's most profitable business.

好，背景说完了。

Okay, that's the background.

我们来说说"上市"这件事本身。

Let's talk about 'going public' itself.

对不太熟悉金融的朋友，

For friends not so familiar with finance,

我们先解释一下什么叫 IPO。

let's first explain what an IPO is.

IPO，中文叫"首次公开募股"。

IPO, in Chinese, is called 'first public offering of shares'.

说白了，就是一家原本私有的公司，

Put plainly, it's when an originally private company,

第一次把自己的股份，拿到证券交易所，

for the first time, takes its shares to a stock exchange,

向公众公开发售。

and sells them openly to the public.

在这之前，SpaceX 是一家私人公司。

Before this, SpaceX was a private company.

它的股份，只掌握在少数人手里。

Its shares were held by only a small number of people.

普通人有钱也买不到。

Ordinary people couldn't buy in even with money.

而昨天上市之后，情况变了。

But after going public yesterday, things changed.

任何一个普通投资者，

Any ordinary investor

都可以在市场上，买到 SpaceX 的股票。

can now buy SpaceX stock on the market.

代码是 SPCX，在纳斯达克交易。

The ticker is SPCX, traded on Nasdaq.

我们来看一组数字。

Let's look at some numbers.

这次 IPO，发行价定在每股 135 美元。

This IPO's offering price was set at 135 dollars per share.

但是市场需求实在太火爆了。

But market demand was truly red-hot.

开盘价就直接冲到了 150 美元。

The opening price shot straight to 150 dollars.

盘中最高，摸到过 176 美元。

Intraday, it touched as high as 176 dollars.

最终收盘，定格在 161 美元左右。

It finally closed, settling at around 161 dollars.

这意味着，上市第一天，

This means that on the first day of trading,

股价就上涨了大约 19%。

the share price rose about 19%.

而整个 IPO，募集的资金，

And the whole IPO raised funds

高达大约 750 亿美元。

of about 75 billion dollars.

这是个什么量级呢？

What kind of scale is this?

它一举打破了纪录，

It broke the record in one stroke,

成为有史以来，全球最大规模的 IPO。

becoming the largest IPO in the world ever.

上市之后，SpaceX 的估值，

After going public, SpaceX's valuation

来到了大约 1.77 万亿美元。

reached about 1.77 trillion dollars.

盘中一度突破 2 万亿。

Intraday it briefly broke 2 trillion.

它瞬间就成了美国第六大上市公司。

It instantly became America's sixth-largest public company.

而这场盛宴最大的赢家，毫无悬念，

And the biggest winner of this feast, with no suspense,

是马斯克本人。

is Musk himself.

随着 SpaceX 的股价飙升，

As SpaceX's share price soared,

他手中持有的股份，价值暴涨。

the value of the shares he holds exploded upward.

他正式成为了全世界，

He officially became the world's

第一位"万亿富翁"。

first 'trillionaire'.

也就是说，他的个人财富，

In other words, his personal wealth

首次突破了一万亿美元大关。

broke through the one-trillion-dollar mark for the first time.

在人类历史上，这是第一次，

In human history, this is the first time

有一个人，积累了如此庞大的财富。

a single person has accumulated such enormous wealth.

不过，这次 IPO，

However, this IPO

还有一个特别值得一提的细节。

also has one detail especially worth mentioning.

通常一家公司上市，

Usually when a company goes public,

留给散户，也就是普通个人投资者的份额，

the portion left for retail — that is, ordinary individual investors —

往往很少，大概只有 5% 到 10%。

is often small, about only 5% to 10%.

大头都被大型机构拿走了。

The bulk is taken by large institutions.

但是据报道，马斯克这次特意要求，

But according to reports, this time Musk specifically requested

把高达 30% 的股份，

leaving as much as 30% of the shares

留给普通散户。

for ordinary retail investors.

是行业惯例的三倍以上。

More than three times the industry norm.

这背后，其实是马斯克一贯的思路：

Behind this is, in fact, Musk's consistent thinking:

他希望相信他、支持他的普通人，

he wants the ordinary people who believe in and support him

也能搭上这趟车，分享公司成长的红利。

to also be able to get on this train and share in the company's growth dividend.

当然，你也可以说，

Of course, you could also say

这是一种非常聪明的，

this is a very clever way

把粉丝变成股东的做法。

of turning fans into shareholders.

那么，我们退一步，思考一个问题。

So, let's step back and think about a question.

为什么全世界这么多人，

Why do so many people in the world

疯狂地想要买入一家航天公司？

frantically want to buy into an aerospace company?

要知道，航天，是一门

Bear in mind, aerospace is a business

投入极大、回报极慢、风险极高的生意。

of huge investment, slow returns, and high risk.

说到底，大家买的，

When it comes down to it, what people are buying

其实不是今天的火箭和卫星。

is not today's rockets and satellites.

而是一个关于未来的叙事。

It's a narrative about the future.

一个人类终将大规模走向太空的叙事。

A narrative that humanity will eventually move into space on a large scale.

他们用真金白银，

With real money,

为这个叙事投下了信任票。

they've cast a vote of confidence in this narrative.

这个未来，到底会不会实现？

Will this future actually come true?

没有人能给出答案。

No one can give an answer.

也许几十年后回头看，

Maybe decades later, looking back,

昨天是一个伟大时代的开端。

yesterday was the dawn of a great era.

也许，它只是又一个，

Maybe, it's just another

被过度高估的泡沫。

overhyped bubble.

历史，会给出它的判决。

History will deliver its verdict.

节目最后，我想把问题留给你。

At the end of the show, I want to leave the question with you.

人类花这么多钱、这么大力气，

Humanity spends so much money and so much effort,

拼命想要离开地球，奔向太空。

desperately trying to leave Earth and head for space.

你觉得，这件事的意义，是什么？

What do you think the meaning of this is?

我们到底是在逃离什么，

Are we, in the end, fleeing from something,

还是在奔向什么？

or running toward something?

这个问题，没有标准答案。

This question has no standard answer.

但是值得我们，在仰望星空的时候，

But it's worth us, when we gaze up at the stars,

认真想一想。

thinking it through seriously.