中俄会晤 2026：30 年的伙伴关系

俄罗斯总统普京的专机，

Russian President Putin's special plane

降落在北京。

landed in Beijing.

这是一次国事访问。

This was a state visit.

时间是 5 月 19 号到 20 号。

The dates were May 19 to 20.

国事访问，

A state visit

是两个国家之间，

is, between two countries,

级别最高的一种正式来往。

the highest-level kind of official exchange.

对普京来说，

For Putin,

来中国其实不是新鲜事。

coming to China is actually nothing new.

这一次，

This time

是他第 25 次来中国。

was his 25th visit to China.

25 次。

25 times.

这个数字本身，

This number itself

就说明了中俄关系的密度。

shows the density of China-Russia relations.

今天我们就来好好说一说，

Today let's talk properly

这次中俄会晤。

about this China-Russia summit.

先说背景。

First the background.

2026 年，

2026,

对中俄关系来说，

for China-Russia relations,

是一个有纪念意义的年份。

is a year with commemorative meaning.

第一，

First,

今年是中俄建立战略协作伙伴关系 30 周年。

this year is the 30th anniversary of China and Russia establishing a strategic coordination partnership.

第二，

Second,

今年是《中俄睦邻友好合作条约》签署 25 周年。

this year is the 25th anniversary of the signing of the China-Russia Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation.

什么是"条约"？

What is a "treaty"?

条约就是两个国家之间，

A treaty is, between two countries,

正式写下来、

formally written down,

签了字的、

signed,

长期有效的约定。

a long-term valid agreement.

2001 年，

In 2001,

中国和俄罗斯签了这个《睦邻友好合作条约》。

China and Russia signed this Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation.

里面写了很多东西：

It wrote down many things:

两国不打仗、

the two countries won't go to war,

有事要商量、

will discuss matters when they arise,

在很多方面要合作。

will cooperate in many areas.

这一次会晤，

At this summit,

两国元首一致同意：

the two heads of state agreed unanimously:

这个条约，

this treaty

继续延期。

will continue to be extended.

也就是说，

That is to say,

这份 25 年前的约定，

this agreement from 25 years ago

还要继续往下走。

will keep going forward.

5 月 20 号上午，

On the morning of May 20,

习近平和普京，

Xi Jinping and Putin

在北京人民大会堂会谈。

held talks at Beijing's Great Hall of the People.

会谈之后，

After the talks,

两国签署并发表了一份重要的联合声明。

the two countries signed and issued an important joint statement.

名字很长，

The name is long,

核心意思是：

but the core meaning is:

进一步加强全面战略协作，

to further strengthen comprehensive strategic coordination,

深化睦邻友好合作。

to deepen good-neighborly and friendly cooperation.

同时，

At the same time,

两国还见证签署了 20 项合作文件。

the two countries also witnessed the signing of 20 cooperation documents.

这些文件，

These documents

覆盖经贸、教育、科技等多个领域。

cover trade, education, science and technology, and many other areas.

除了这一份，

Besides this one,

两国还发表了另一份联合声明。

the two countries also issued another joint statement.

这一份，

This one

讲的是"世界多极化"和"新型国际关系"。

is about "world multipolarity" and "a new type of international relations."

我们要解释一下这两个词。

We need to explain these two terms.

"多极化"，

"Multipolarity"

意思是：

means:

世界不应该只有一个"极"，

the world should not have only one "pole,"

不应该由一个国家说了算。

should not be decided by one country.

应该有很多个力量中心。

There should be many centers of power.

这句话，

This sentence,

说白了，

to put it bluntly,

就是说给美国听的。

is said for America to hear.

中俄都认为：

China and Russia both believe:

现在的世界，

in today's world,

美国的力量太大、太集中。

America's power is too great, too concentrated.

他们希望世界变成"多极"的。

They hope the world will become "multipolar."

"新型国际关系"，

"A new type of international relations"

意思是：

means:

国家和国家之间，

between country and country,

应该相互尊重、平等合作，

there should be mutual respect and equal cooperation,

而不是一个国家管着另一个国家。

rather than one country controlling another.

这些话，

These words

是中俄这些年一直在说的。

are what China and Russia have been saying for years.

5 月 20 号晚上，

On the evening of May 20,

两位领导人在人民大会堂茶叙。

the two leaders had a tea gathering at the Great Hall of the People.

"茶叙"，

A "tea gathering"

是一种比正式会谈更轻松的方式。

is a more relaxed way than formal talks.

坐下来，

Sit down,

喝茶，

drink tea,

慢慢聊。

chat slowly.

这种安排，

This arrangement

本身就是一种信号：

is itself a signal:

两国想表现出，

the two countries want to show

他们的关系不只是"工作关系"，

that their relationship is not just a "working relationship,"

还有"私人交情"。

but also has "personal friendship."

访问期间，

During the visit,

两国还一起出席了"中俄教育年"的开幕式。

the two countries also attended the opening ceremony of the "China-Russia Education Year" together.

普京还和中国国务院总理李强，

Putin also met separately

单独会面，

with China's Premier Li Qiang

谈经贸合作。

to talk about trade cooperation.

到这里，

Up to here,

我们已经把会晤的内容说完了。

we've finished covering the content of the summit.

但是，

But,

这次会晤的意义，

the meaning of this summit

不只是这些文件。

is not just these documents.

我想说三点。

I want to make three points.

第一点，

First point,

关于中俄关系本身。

about China-Russia relations themselves.

中俄这些年，

China and Russia, in recent years,

经常被一个词形容：

are often described with one word:

"背靠背"。

"back to back."

意思是：

It means:

两个国家站在一起，

the two countries stand together,

背对背，

back to back,

谁也不用担心被对方从后面捅一刀。

neither has to worry about being stabbed from behind by the other.

这种关系，

This kind of relationship

不是传统意义上的"同盟"。

is not an "alliance" in the traditional sense.

中俄都强调：

China and Russia both emphasize:

我们不结盟。

we are non-aligned.

也就是说，

That is to say,

我们不签"一方有事，

we don't sign that kind of treaty where "if one side has trouble,

另一方必须出兵"那种条约。

the other side must send troops."

但是在很多大事上，

But on many big matters,

两国会互相支持。

the two countries support each other.

经贸上，

In trade,

中俄的贸易额，

China-Russia trade volume

这几年一直在涨。

has kept rising in recent years.

俄罗斯卖给中国石油、天然气。

Russia sells China oil and natural gas.

中国卖给俄罗斯汽车、机械、各种工业品。

China sells Russia cars, machinery, and all kinds of industrial goods.

特别是俄乌战争之后，

Especially after the Russia-Ukraine war,

俄罗斯被西方制裁，

with Russia sanctioned by the West,

中国成了俄罗斯最重要的经济伙伴。

China became Russia's most important economic partner.

第二点，

Second point,

关于这次会晤的"时机"。

about the "timing" of this summit.

这次会晤，

This summit

发生在一个特殊的时间。

happened at a special time.

俄罗斯和乌克兰的战争，

The war between Russia and Ukraine

已经打了几年。

has been going on for several years.

俄罗斯和西方国家，

Russia and Western countries

关系非常紧张。

have very tense relations.

在这个背景下，

Against this background,

普京来中国，

Putin coming to China

和习近平站在一起，

and standing together with Xi Jinping

本身就是一个很强的信号：

is itself a strong signal:

"我没有被孤立。

"I have not been isolated.

"我还有中国。

"I still have China.

对中国来说，

For China,

这件事就比较复杂。

this matter is more complicated.

一方面，

On one hand,

中国和俄罗斯，

China and Russia

确实是重要的伙伴。

really are important partners.

另一方面，

On the other hand,

中国也要和欧洲、

China also needs to do business with Europe

和很多西方国家做生意。

and with many Western countries.

中国一直强调：

China has always emphasized:

中国在俄乌问题上，

on the Russia-Ukraine issue,

是中立的，

China is neutral,

是劝和的。

China urges peace.

所以你会看到，

So you'll see

中国的官方语言非常小心：

China's official language is very careful:

中俄合作"不针对第三方"。

China-Russia cooperation "does not target any third party."

意思是：

It means:

我们两个好，

the two of us being close

不是为了对付别人。

is not in order to deal with someone else.

第三点，

Third point,

关于我们怎么看这件事。

about how we should view this matter.

国际新闻，

International news

最容易让人只选一边。

most easily makes people pick just one side.

有的人看到中俄会晤，

Some people see the China-Russia summit

就说：

and say:

"好，

"Good,

"两个大国一起，

"two big countries together,

"对抗西方。

"confronting the West.

也有的人说：

And some people say:

"中国不该和俄罗斯走这么近。

"China shouldn't get this close to Russia.

但是如果你想真正理解国际关系，

But if you want to truly understand international relations,

你要学会一件事：

you have to learn one thing:

国家之间，

between countries,

没有永远的朋友，

there are no permanent friends,

也没有永远的敌人。

and no permanent enemies.

只有长期的利益。

There are only long-term interests.

这句话，

This sentence

是两百年前一个英国政治家说的。

was said by a British statesman two hundred years ago.

到今天还是对的。

It's still true today.

中国和俄罗斯现在很近，

China and Russia are close now

是因为现在，

because right now,

站在一起对两国都有利。

standing together is good for both countries.

美国和俄罗斯现在很远，

America and Russia are distant now

也是因为现在，

also because right now,

他们的利益冲突。

their interests conflict.

二十年后会怎么样？

What will it be like in twenty years?

没有人知道。

Nobody knows.

国家关系，

Relations between countries

是会变的。

do change.

最后，

Finally,

我想问你一个问题：

I want to ask you a question:

如果你是一个国家的领导人，

If you were the leader of a country,

你会选择和谁做朋友？

who would you choose to be friends with?

是和你想法一样的国家？

A country that thinks the same as you?

还是和对你有用的国家？

Or a country that is useful to you?

你想一下。

Think about it.

好。

Okay.

今天就说到这里。

That's all for today.

明天再聊。

Talk tomorrow.