五家收购点，毁了一条产业链——"泡药杨梅"之后

中国发生了一件，

something happened in China

看起来很小的事。

that seemed quite small.

有人在小水果上，

Someone used additives that should not be used,

用了不应该用的添加剂。

on a small fruit.

被媒体曝光，

It was exposed by the media,

官方很快也处理了。

and the authorities handled it quickly too.

五个人被刑事拘留，

Five people were criminally detained,

案件清楚，

the case was clear-cut,

处理利落。

and the handling was clean.

看起来，

On the surface,

这就是一个，

this was

完整收尾的食品安全事件。

a fully wrapped-up food-safety case.

但是这件事，

But this matter's

真正的影响，

real impact

并没有这么简单。

is not so simple.

今天，

Today,

我们就从这一颗杨梅出发，

starting from this single bayberry,

聊一些更大的东西：

we'll talk about something bigger:

信任、

trust,

市场，

the market,

和那些规规矩矩的人，

and why those who play by the rules

为什么会，

also end up

跟着倒霉。

going down with the rest.

我们先把事实讲清楚。

Let's first lay out the facts.

事情的主角，

The subject of the story

是一种叫杨梅的水果。

is a fruit called yangmei (bayberry).

杨梅是中国南方，

Yangmei is a fruit

非常有特色的一种水果。

very characteristic of southern China.

颜色深红，

Deep red in color,

味道酸甜。

sweet-sour in taste.

每年只有五月到六月，

Each year, only from May to June —

短短几个星期，

just a few short weeks —

是它最好的季节。

is its best season.

但是杨梅有一个，

But yangmei has

非常致命的特点：

one deadly trait:

它的保质期，

its shelf life

只有两到三天。

is only two to three days.

从树上摘下来，

After being picked from the tree,

不到三天，

in less than three days

就开始变质。

it begins to spoil.

这一点，

This point,

后面我们要回来讲。

we'll come back to later.

五月十五号前后，

Around May 15,

央视和多家媒体，

CCTV and multiple media outlets

披露了一件事。

disclosed a story.

事情发生在，

It took place in

福建省漳州市的龙海区。

Longhai District, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province.

具体涉及两个镇：

Specifically two towns were involved:

浮宫镇、

Fugong Town

白水镇。

and Baishui Town.

那里的几家杨梅收购点，

Several yangmei procurement points there

被发现，

were found

在做一件违法的事。

doing something illegal.

他们把刚收上来的杨梅，

They took the freshly picked yangmei

泡在两种东西里。

and soaked it in two things.

第一种，

The first

叫脱氢乙酸钠，

was called dehydroacetic acid sodium,

是一种食品防腐剂。

a food preservative.

第二种，

The second

是一瓶高浓度甜味剂。

was a bottle of high-strength sweetener.

包装上写着，

The packaging read

"8000 倍甜度"，

"8000x sweetness,"

但是没有生产日期、

but it had no production date,

没有成分表，

no ingredients list,

也没有合格证——

and no quality certificate —

是典型的"三无产品"。

a textbook "three-no product."

按照国家的，

According to the state's

《食品安全国家标准》，

National Food Safety Standard,

这两类添加剂，

both classes of additives

都明确禁止，

are clearly forbidden

用在新鲜水果上。

on fresh fruit.

所以这些收购点的做法，

So what these procurement points did,

法律上，

legally speaking,

是完全违法的。

was fully illegal.

五月二十到二十一号，

On May 20 to 21,

漳州市发出了通报。

Zhangzhou City issued a notice.

官方调查发现，

The official investigation found

涉事的收购点，

the procurement points involved

一共五家。

were five in total.

当场查扣，

Seized on site

问题杨梅 225 公斤，

were 225 kg of problem yangmei

违规添加剂 20.1 公斤。

and 20.1 kg of illegal additives.

又从市场上，

And from the market,

追回问题杨梅 540 公斤。

another 540 kg of problem yangmei was recovered.

最后：

In the end:

行政立案 12 起，

twelve administrative cases were filed,

刑事立案 2 起，

two criminal cases were filed,

5 人被刑事拘留。

five people were criminally detained.

表面上，

On the surface,

这件事处理得，

the matter was handled

很快、

quickly

很彻底。

and thoroughly.

但是，

But

真正的伤害，

the real damage

才刚刚开始。

was just beginning.

新闻一出，

As soon as the news broke,

整个杨梅市场，

the whole yangmei market

迅速崩盘。

crashed rapidly.

直播间里，

In the livestream rooms,

卖杨梅的主播，

the hosts selling yangmei

接到通知，

were notified —

"违规销售"，

"illegal selling" —

要给消费者退款。

and had to refund consumers.

全国的批发市场，

Wholesale markets across the country

一天被检查三次。

were being inspected three times a day.

普通消费者，

Ordinary consumers,

看到杨梅就害怕，

seeing yangmei, were afraid,

直接不买。

and simply did not buy.

但最让人心痛的，

But what hurt the most

是另一件事。

was another thing.

浙江，

Zhejiang

才是中国最有名的杨梅产地。

is actually China's most famous yangmei region.

仙居杨梅、

Xianju yangmei,

余姚杨梅、

Yuyao yangmei,

慈溪杨梅，

Cixi yangmei —

都是几十年的招牌。

all are decades-old brands.

这一次的事件，

This event

和浙江，

had no connection

没有任何关系。

to Zhejiang at all.

但是消费者，

But consumers

分不清楚。

could not tell.

你拿一颗杨梅给他看，

You hold up a yangmei to them,

他没办法知道，

and there's no way they know

这一颗，

whether this one

是漳州的，

is from Zhangzhou

还是仙居的。

or from Xianju.

结果是：

The result:

浙江的果农，

Zhejiang fruit farmers

也跟着卖不出去。

also could not sell.

五月二十三号，

On May 23,

一个漳州的果农，

a Zhangzhou fruit farmer

在直播间里哭了。

cried in a livestream room.

他说，

He said

他家种了几十年杨梅，

his family had grown yangmei for decades

从来没有用过任何药水。

and had never used any 药水.

但是这个新闻一出，

But this news came out,

他的货，

and his goods,

全部卖不出去。

none of them could be sold.

这个视频，

This video

在网上传了很广。

spread widely online.

讲到这里，

Speaking of this,

我们要回到，

we must go back to

最开始的问题：

the question we started with:

为什么会发生这种事？

why does this kind of thing happen?

为什么收购点，

Why do procurement points

要冒着坐牢的风险，

take on the risk of prison

去用违禁添加剂？

to use banned additives?

答案，

The answer,

其实就藏在，

in fact, hides in

杨梅自己身上——

yangmei itself —

那两到三天的保质期。

that two-to-three-day shelf life.

对果农、

For fruit farmers,

收购点、

procurement points,

运输商、

transporters,

还有最终卖货的人来说，

and the final sellers,

这两到三天，

those two to three days

是一个，

are

非常残酷的时间窗口。

a brutally narrow time window.

摘下来，

Once picked,

要尽快卖掉。

it must be sold as fast as possible.

卖不掉，

If it doesn't sell,

就只能扔。

it can only be thrown away.

而违法的防腐剂，

And illegal preservatives

可以让杨梅，

can let the yangmei

多撑几天。

hold on for a few more days.

意思是：

Meaning:

本来要扔的货，

goods that would have been thrown out

现在还能卖；

can now be sold;

本来卖不远的，

goods that couldn't be shipped far

现在还能运得更远。

can now travel farther.

对一个，

For an industry

赚钱很难、

where money is hard

压力很大的产业来说，

and pressure is high,

这种诱惑，

this kind of temptation

是结构性的。

is structural.

不是说，

It's not that

这些收购点就一定是坏人——

these procurement points are necessarily evil people —

他们是在，

they were, under

一个结构性的压力下，

a structural pressure,

做了一个，

making a

明显违法的选择。

clearly illegal choice.

这并不是替他们辩护。

This is not defending them.

违法就是违法，

Illegal is illegal,

特别是把消费者，

and especially treating consumers

当成承担风险的人，

as the people who bear the risk —

是无论如何，

that is, under any conditions,

都不能接受的。

unacceptable.

但是要解决这个问题，

But to solve this problem,

不能只靠"严打几个人"。

you cannot only rely on "crack down on a few people."

真正的解药，

The real cure

是把短保水果的，

is to make the short-shelf-life fruit's

冷链、

cold chain,

仓储、

storage,

加工，

and processing

做扎实——

truly solid —

让合规的路，

so that the law-abiding path

也走得通。

is actually viable.

说到这里，

Speaking of this,

我想说一个，

I want to say something

更普遍的东西。

more universal.

这件事的核心，

The core of this matter

其实是"信任"。

is, in fact, "trust."

一个市场，

A market,

表面上交换的是货物。

on the surface, exchanges goods.

但更深一层，

But one layer deeper,

它交换的是信任。

what it exchanges is trust.

你相信，

You believe

我卖给你的，

that what I sell you

是干净的。

is clean.

我相信，

I believe

你愿意为，

that you are willing,

我的劳动，

for my labor,

付一个合理的价钱。

to pay a reasonable price.

这种信任，

This kind of trust

不是写在合同上的。

is not written in a contract.

它是无数次交易，

It is, through countless transactions,

慢慢积累起来的。

slowly accumulated.

建立信任，

Building trust

要很多年；

takes many years;

摧毁信任，

destroying trust,

有时候，

sometimes,

只要一条新闻。

takes only one news story.

而当信任，

And when trust

被某几个人毁掉的时候，

is destroyed by a few people,

代价并不只是，

the cost is not only

那几个人付。

paid by those few.

代价是整个行业——

The cost is the whole industry —

那些规规矩矩的人，

those who play by the rules,

那些什么都没做错的人，

those who did nothing wrong,

也要一起承担。

also have to bear it together.

这就是为什么，

This is why

我们说，

we say

信任是一种公共财富。

trust is a public good.

它属于每一个，

It belongs to every

认真做事的人。

person who works honestly.

而每一个偷工减料的人，

And every person who cuts corners

都在偷走一点。

is stealing a little of it away.

最后，

Finally,

让我留给你两个问题。

let me leave you with two questions.

第一个：

The first:

当一个行业，

when an industry

出现"几粒老鼠屎"的时候，

has "a few rotten apples,"

我们要怎么做，

what should we do

才能保护那些，

to protect those

认认真真做事的人？

who really work honestly?

第二个，

The second,

也许更难——

perhaps harder —

作为消费者，

as consumers,

当我们看到一条负面新闻的时候，

when we see a piece of negative news,

我们能不能，

can we

不要一棍子，

not, with one stroke,

把整个行业，

beat the whole industry

都打死？

to death?

这两个问题，

These two questions

没有标准答案。

have no standard answer.

但它们，

But they

值得你慢慢地想。

are worth thinking about slowly.

好。

Okay.

今天就说到这里。

That's all for today.

我们下个故事见。

See you in the next story.