说到美国社会近几年的一种情绪暗流,有一个案件可以作为缩影来看。Speaking of an undercurrent of emotion in American society in recent years, there's one case that can serve as a microcosm.
加州Ontario市,一个二十九岁的仓库工人,用打火机点燃了一百二十万平方英尺仓库里的卫生纸货架。In Ontario, California, a 29-year-old warehouse worker used a lighter to ignite toilet paper shelves in a 1.2 million square foot warehouse.
然后他一边看火蔓延,一边录视频发Instagram。Then he watched the fire spread while filming and posting to Instagram.
视频里他说了一句话:"你们只要付我们够活的钱就行了。In the video he said one line: "All you had to do was pay us enough to live."
几个小时后,整个仓库化为灰烬。Hours later, the entire warehouse was reduced to ashes.
产品损失约五亿美元。Product losses totaled about 500 million dollars.
建筑损失约一亿五千万美元。Building losses totaled about 150 million dollars.
但故事远没有这么简单。But the story is far from that simple.
嫌疑人叫Chamel Abdulkarim,二十九岁,住在加州Highland。The suspect is Chamel Abdulkarim, 29, living in Highland, California.
他通过一家叫NFI Industries的劳务派遣公司在Kimberly-Clark的配送中心工作。He worked at a Kimberly-Clark distribution center through a staffing company called NFI Industries.
注意这个结构:他不是Kimberly-Clark的员工。Note this structure: he was not a Kimberly-Clark employee.
他是派遣工。He was a temp worker.
在美国的仓库行业,这种用工模式已经成为标配。In America's warehouse industry, this employment model has become standard.
大公司通过第三方劳务公司雇佣仓库工人。Large companies hire warehouse workers through third-party staffing firms.
好处是灵活,成本低,不用承担福利和解雇成本。The upside is flexibility, low cost, no need to cover benefits or severance.
坏处是工人拿着最低的工资,享受最少的福利,承担最不稳定的就业关系。The downside is workers get the lowest wages, the fewest benefits, and the most unstable employment.
你不是这家公司的人,你只是被"租"过来干活的。You're not the company's person — you're just "rented" to do the work.
Kimberly-Clark是一家年营收超过二百亿美元的消费品巨头。Kimberly-Clark is a consumer goods giant with annual revenue exceeding 20 billion dollars.
生产卫生纸、纸巾、婴儿纸尿裤等日常用品。Producing toilet paper, tissues, baby diapers and other daily necessities.
Ontario的这个仓库是他们在西海岸的主要配送中心之一。This Ontario warehouse was one of their main West Coast distribution centers.
一百二十万平方英尺,大概相当于二十个足球场。1.2 million square feet, roughly equivalent to twenty football fields.
里面全部是纸制品。All paper products inside.
价值五亿美元的纸制品。500 million dollars worth of paper products.
事件发生在星期二凌晨十二点半左右。The incident occurred around 12:30 AM on a Tuesday.
当时仓库里大约有二十名工人在上夜班。About twenty workers were on the night shift in the warehouse at the time.
Abdulkarim用打火机在多个位置点燃了卫生纸货架。Abdulkarim used a lighter to ignite toilet paper shelves at multiple locations.
纸制品可能是你能想到的最好的可燃物之一。Paper products are probably one of the most flammable materials you can think of.
火势蔓延得极快。The fire spread extremely fast.
然后他做了一件在传统犯罪学上几乎不可思议的事。Then he did something almost inconceivable in traditional criminology.
他把纵火过程录了下来,发到了Instagram上。He filmed the arson and posted it to Instagram.
在视频里,火焰在货架之间蔓延,他说:"你们只要付我们够活的钱就行了。In the video, flames spread between shelves as he says: "All you had to do was pay us enough to live."
另一段视频里他说:"你们的库存没了。In another video he says: "Your inventory is gone."
大约一小时后他给同事发了一条短信,写道:"多付我们一些我们创造的价值。About an hour later he texted a coworker, writing: "Pay us more of the value we create."
不要只付给公司高管。Don't just pay the corporate executives.
没见过股东来上一天班。Haven't seen a shareholder come in for a single shift.
这些话不像一个一时冲动的人说的。These words don't sound like someone acting on impulse.
这像一个对自己的处境想了很久、积累了很深愤怒的人说的。They sound like someone who has thought about his situation for a long time and accumulated deep anger.
他录视频并公开发布的行为也很耐人寻味。His behavior of filming and publicly posting is also thought-provoking.
他不是想逃脱。He wasn't trying to escape.
他是想被看见。He wanted to be seen.
他要让全世界知道他为什么这样做。He wanted the whole world to know why he did it.
这跟传统的纵火犯心理完全不同。This is completely different from the psychology of traditional arsonists.
传统纵火犯想毁灭证据,想隐藏自己。Traditional arsonists want to destroy evidence and hide themselves.
Abdulkarim要的是注意力。Abdulkarim wanted attention.
他要的是一个舞台。He wanted a stage.
Ontario市的检察官Jason Anderson说了一句话:"纵火对我来说真的很难理解。Ontario's prosecutor Jason Anderson said: "Arson to me is really hard to understand."
这个人做了一件自己得不到任何好处的事。"This person did something that gets him no benefit."
从法律角度看,这是对的。From a legal perspective, this is correct.
纵火不会给他涨工资。Arson won't get him a raise.
不会改善他的生活。Won't improve his life.
只会让他失去自由。Will only make him lose his freedom.
但如果把镜头拉远一点。But if you pull the lens back a bit.
从社会心理学角度看。From a social psychology perspective.
这不是一个理性行为。This is not a rational act.
这是一个符号行为。This is a symbolic act.
就像他自己在电话里说的。Just as he himself said on the phone.
他把自己比作Luigi Mangione。He compared himself to Luigi Mangione.
Mangione这个名字在今天的美国是一个非常复杂的符号。The name Mangione in today's America is a very complex symbol.
去年十二月,Mangione在纽约街头枪杀了UnitedHealthcare的CEO Brian Thompson。Last December, Mangione shot and killed UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson on a New York street.
UnitedHealthcare是美国最大的健康保险公司之一。UnitedHealthcare is one of America's largest health insurance companies.
Mangione被捕后。After Mangione was arrested.
美国社会出现了一个让很多人始料未及的反应。American society displayed a reaction many people didn't anticipate.
大量普通人在网上表达了对Mangione的同情,甚至崇拜。Large numbers of ordinary people expressed sympathy for Mangione online, even admiration.
因为太多美国人对保险公司积怨已久。Because too many Americans have long-held grievances against insurance companies.
他们的理赔被拒绝。Their claims get denied.
他们的保费年年涨。Their premiums go up every year.
他们生了病却被告知"不在保障范围内"。They get sick and are told "not covered."
所以当一个人杀了保险公司的老板时。So when someone killed the insurance company's boss.
一部分人的反应不是恐惧,而是"替天行道"。Some people's reaction wasn't fear, but "he served justice for us."
这种情绪是非常危险的。This emotion is extremely dangerous.
Abdulkarim显然被这种情绪感染了。Abdulkarim was clearly infected by this emotion.
他觉得自己也在做同样的事。He felt he was doing the same thing.
为工人阶级反抗大公司。Fighting big corporations for the working class.
为那些"不够活"的打工人出头。Standing up for those workers who "can't make enough to live."
但问题在于。But the problem is.
他烧掉的不是"大公司的钱"。What he burned wasn't "corporate money."
他烧掉的是真实的物质。What he burned was real physical goods.
那些卫生纸要重新生产。Those toilet paper rolls need to be produced again.
那个仓库要重新建。That warehouse needs to be rebuilt.
供应链要重新调整。The supply chain needs to be readjusted.
而承担这些成本的最终还是消费者和其他工人。And the ones who ultimately bear these costs are still consumers and other workers.
公司高管和股东不会因为一场火少赚一分钱。Corporate executives and shareholders won't earn a penny less because of one fire.
价格会转嫁。Prices will be passed on.
受伤的永远是最底层的人。The ones who get hurt are always the people at the bottom.
这就是这类"反抗"最讽刺的地方。This is the most ironic part of this kind of "rebellion."
它以为在伤害权力。It thinks it's hurting power.
实际上在伤害同阶层。In reality it's hurting its own class.
回到Abdulkarim本人面临的法律后果。Back to the legal consequences Abdulkarim himself faces.
联邦层面他被控"纵火损毁用于州际商业的建筑"。At the federal level he's charged with "arson of a building used in interstate commerce."
最低刑期五年。Minimum sentence five years.
最高二十年。Maximum twenty years.
加州层面他面临一项重大纵火罪加六项普通纵火罪。At the California level he faces one count of aggravated arson plus six counts of regular arson.
由于损失超过一千零一十万美元。Because the damage exceeded 10.1 million dollars.
重大纵火罪的刑期是十年到终身监禁。The aggravated arson charge carries ten years to life in prison.
也就是说他二十九岁就可能把余生的自由全部搭进去。Which means at 29 years old he may have already given away the rest of his freedom.
这个案件在美国社交媒体上引起了激烈的讨论。This case has sparked intense discussion on American social media.
一部分人同情他。Some people sympathize with him.
他们说:"没人会为了好玩去烧仓库。They say: "Nobody burns down a warehouse for fun."
"公司年赚几十亿,工人连房租都付不起,这才是真正的犯罪。"The company earns billions a year, workers can't even pay rent — that's the real crime."
另一部分人谴责他。Another group condemns him.
他们说:"你可以辞职,你可以罢工,你可以组织工会。They say: "You can quit, you can strike, you can organize a union."
"但你不能放火。"But you can't start a fire."
这两种声音的对立本身就说明了一个问题。The very opposition of these two voices illustrates a problem.
美国社会的阶级裂缝已经深到了一个程度。America's class fracture has deepened to a point.
让一些人觉得犯罪是一种表达,一种反抗。Where some people see crime as a form of expression, a form of resistance.
Mangione如此。So it was with Mangione.
Abdulkarim也是如此。So it is with Abdulkarim.
当越来越多的人开始把犯罪浪漫化的时候。When more and more people start romanticizing crime.
说明制度本身出了严重的问题。It means the system itself has serious problems.
不是说犯罪对了。Not that the crime was right.
而是说让人走到犯罪那一步的那个系统,出了问题。But that the system that drove a person to the point of committing crime has problems.
医疗天价。Astronomical healthcare costs.
住房不可负担。Unaffordable housing.
公司利润创纪录而工人福利被削减。Record corporate profits while worker benefits get cut.
这些是结构性问题。These are structural problems.
不是一个人放一把火就能解决的。Not something one person setting one fire can solve.
也不是一个人坐几十年牢就能解决的。Not something one person serving decades in prison can solve.
它需要的是政策层面的改变。What it needs is policy-level change.
最低工资的调整。Adjustments to the minimum wage.
劳动保护法的强化。Strengthening labor protection laws.
工会权利的恢复。Restoring union rights.
派遣用工的规范。Regulating temp worker arrangements.
这些才是真正的答案。These are the real answers.
但在答案到来之前。But before those answers arrive.
愤怒还在积累。Anger is still accumulating.
Abdulkarim不是第一个。Abdulkarim is not the first.
如果什么都不改变。If nothing changes.
他也不会是最后一个。He won't be the last.